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In the present study, the jejunum of rats chronically exposed to F was evaluated by proteomics, as well as by morphological analysis. <jats:italic>Wistar<\/jats:italic> rats received water containing 0, 10 or 50 mgF\/L during 30 days. HuC\/D, neuronal Nitric Oxide (nNOS), Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP), and Substance P (SP) were detected in the myenteric plexus of the jejunum by immunofluorescence. The density of nNOS-IR neurons was significantly decreased (compared to both control and 10\u2009mgF\/L groups), while the VIP-IR varicosities were significantly increased (compared to control) in the group treated with the highest F concentration. Significant morphological changes were seen observed in the density of HUC\/D-IR neurons and in the area of SP-IR varicosities for F-treated groups compared to control. Changes in the abundance of various proteins correlated with relevant biological processes, such as protein synthesis, glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism were revealed by proteomics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21533-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T15:41:38Z","timestamp":1518450098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Chronic treatment with fluoride affects the jejunum: insights from proteomics and enteric innervation analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Aline Salgado","family":"Dionizio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina Guimar\u00e3es Souza","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela Tomazini","family":"Sabino-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talita Mendes Silva","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Lima","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Raquel Garcia","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika Xavier","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro Domingues","family":"Heubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Gadelha","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Vanessa Colombo Martins","family":"Perles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline Nelisis","family":"Zanoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00edlia Afonso Rabelo","family":"Buzalaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"21533_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.11.005","volume":"200","author":"X Yan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yan, X. et al. 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