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They are produced by integrating thin sandwich structures of CNT fiber veils and an ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte between carbon fiber plies, followed by infusion and curing of an epoxy resin. The resulting structure behaves simultaneously as an electric double-layer capacitor and a structural composite, with flexural modulus of 60\u2009GPa and flexural strength of 153\u2009MPa, combined with 88 mF\/g of specific capacitance and the highest power (30\u2009W\/kg) and energy (37.5 mWh\/kg) densities reported so far for structural supercapacitors. <jats:italic>In-situ<\/jats:italic> electrochemical measurements during 4-point bending show that electrochemical performance is retained up to fracture, with minor changes in equivalent series resistance for interleaves under compressive stress. <jats:italic>En route<\/jats:italic> to improving interlaminar properties we produce grid-shaped interleaves that enable mechanical interconnection of plies by the stiff epoxy. Synchrotron 3D X-ray tomography analysis of the resulting hierarchical structure confirms the formation of interlaminar epoxy joints. The manuscript discusses encapsulation role of epoxy, demonstrated by charge-discharge measurements of composites immersed in water, a deleterious agent for ionic liquids. Finally, we show different architectures free of current collector and electrical insulators, in which both CNT fiber and CF act as active electrodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21829-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T16:26:12Z","timestamp":1518711972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Energy storage in structural composites by introducing CNT fiber\/polymer electrolyte interleaves"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Evgeny","family":"Senokos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfu","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jose","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Sket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5660-6381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebeca","family":"Marcilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Vilatela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"21829_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2008.09.082","volume":"189","author":"P Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu, P., Sherman, E. & Jacobsen, A. 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