{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T10:33:00Z","timestamp":1766485980462},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sequential chemical extraction and synchrotron-based XANES spectroscopy techniques were used to identify P species in two ashes before and after addition to a prairie soil. The used ashes were: meat and bone meal ash (MBMA) and dried distillers grains ash (DDGA) plus mineral P fertilizer (MP) for comparison. Soil treated with MP contained higher content of resin-Pi and NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-Pi followed by DDGA and MBMA. The MBMA amended soil had the highest (47%) proportion of the soil P contained in recalcitrant HCl extractable fraction, reflecting more Ca-bound P present and being formed in soil after application. Analysis of both ashes with XANES spectroscopy before application to soil revealed that MBMA had strong spectral features consistent with hydroxyapatite (Ca<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>(PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>(OH)). DDGA exhibited spectral features consistent with a mixture of several Mg and K phosphate salts rather than a single mineral species. The distinctive features in the XANES spectra of both ashes largely disappeared after amendment to the soil, suggesting transformation to different P forms in the soil after application. It is also possible that the added amount of P to the studied soil via DDGS or MBMA was small enough so that P speciation is not different from the background P level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21935-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T16:32:54Z","timestamp":1519144374000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Phosphorus speciation in a prairie soil amended with MBM and DDG ash: Sequential chemical extraction and synchrotron-based XANES spectroscopy investigations"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Khaled D.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff. J.","family":"Schoenau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gourango","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Peak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Fonstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"21935_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185383","volume":"327","author":"HC Godfray","year":"2010","unstructured":"Godfray, H. C. et al. Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science 327, 812\u2013818 (2010).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"21935_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2009.07.020","volume":"33","author":"S Ferreira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferreira, S., Moreira, N. A. & Monteiro, E. Bioenergy overview for Portugal. Biomass Bioener. 33, 1567\u20131576 (2009).","journal-title":"Biomass Bioener."},{"key":"21935_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.09.015","volume":"16","author":"E Cascarosa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cascarosa, E., Gea, G. & Arauzo, J. S. Thermochemical processing of meat and bone meal: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 16, 942\u2013957 (2012).","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"21935_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1021\/ef7003128","volume":"21","author":"EM Fedorowicz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fedorowicz, E. M., Miller, S. F. & Miller, B. G. Biomass gasification as a means of carcass and specified risk materials disposal and energy production in the beef rendering and meatpacking industries. Energy Fuel. 21, 3225\u20133232 (2007).","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"key":"21935_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2009.02.001","volume":"90","author":"A Tavasoli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tavasoli, A., Ahangari, M. G., Soni, C. & Dalai, A. K. Production of hydrogen and syngas via gasification of the corn and wheat dry distiller grains (DDGS) in a fixed-bed micro reactor. Fuel Process. Technol. 90, 472\u2013482 (2009).","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"21935_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alotaibi, K. D. & Schoenau, J. J. Biofuel production byproducts as soil amendments in Organic fertilization, foil quality and human health (ed. Lichtfouse, E.) 67\u201391 (Springer, 2012).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4113-3_4"},{"key":"21935_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2002.9540","volume":"31","author":"EE Codling","year":"2002","unstructured":"Codling, E. E., Chaney, R. L. & Sherwell, J. Poultry litter ash as a potential phosphorus source for agricultural crops. J. Environ. Qual. 31, 954\u2013961 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"21935_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1080\/00103620903173863","volume":"40","author":"PH Pagliari","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pagliari, P. H., Rosen, C. J. & Strock, J. S. Turkey manure ash effects on alfalfa yield, tissue elemental composition, and chemical soil properties. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 40, 2874\u20132897 (2009).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"21935_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-010-9353-9","volume":"87","author":"K Schiemenz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schiemenz, K. & Eichler-L\u00f6bermann, B. Biomass ashes and their phosphorus fertilizing effect on different crops. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 87, 471\u2013482 (2010).","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"21935_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1982.03615995004600050017x","volume":"46","author":"M Hedley","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hedley, M., Stewart, J. & Chauhan, B. Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46, 970\u2013976 (1982).","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"21935_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.4141\/cjss92-047","volume":"72","author":"R McKenzie","year":"1992","unstructured":"McKenzie, R., Stewart, J., Dormaar, J. & Schaalje, G. Long-term crop rotation and fertilizer effects on phosphorus transformations: I. In a Chernozemic soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 72, 569\u2013579 (1992).","journal-title":"Can. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"21935_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2000.6451681x","volume":"64","author":"F Guo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guo, F., Yost, R., Hue, N., Evensen, C. & Silva, J. Changes in phosphorus fractions in soils under intensive plant growth. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64, 1681\u20131689 (2000).","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"21935_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4141\/S03-016","volume":"84","author":"P Qian","year":"2004","unstructured":"Qian, P., Schoenau, J., Wu, T. & Mooleki, P. Phosphorus amounts and distribution in a Saskatchewan soil after five years of swine and cattle manure application. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84, 275\u2013281 (2004).","journal-title":"Can. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"21935_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2004.5190","volume":"68","author":"T Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang, T., MacKenzie, A., Liang, B. & Drury, C. Soil test phosphorus and phosphorus fractions with long-term phosphorus addition and depletion. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68, 519\u2013528 (2004).","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"21935_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-004-0810-y","volume":"41","author":"S Verma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Verma, S., Subehia, S. & Sharma, S. Phosphorus fractions in an acid soil continuously fertilized with mineral and organic fertilizers. Biol.Fertil. Soil. 41, 295\u2013300 (2005).","journal-title":"Biol.Fertil. Soil."},{"key":"21935_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1080\/00103621003687182","volume":"41","author":"S Bachmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bachmann, S. & Eichler-L\u00f6bermann, B. Soil Phosphorus Pools as Affected by Application of poultry litter ash in combination with catch crop cultivation. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 41, 1098\u20131111 (2010).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"21935_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2006.0100","volume":"35","author":"AL Shober","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shober, A. L., Hesterberg, D. L., Sims, J. T. & Gardner, S. Characterization of phosphorus species in biosolids and manures using XANES spectroscopy. J. Environ. Qual. 35, 1983\u20131993 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"21935_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2003.1809","volume":"32","author":"S Beauchemin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beauchemin, S. et al. Speciation of phosphorus in phosphorus-enriched agricultural soils using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy and chemical fractionation. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 1809\u20131819 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"21935_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2007.0078","volume":"72","author":"B Ajiboye","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ajiboye, B., Akinremi, O. O., Hu, Y. & J\u00fcrgensen, A. XANES speciation of phosphorus in organically amended and fertilized Vertisol and Mollisol. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 72, 1256\u20131262 (2008).","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"21935_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2012.0146","volume":"76","author":"G Kar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kar, G., Peak, D. & Schoenau, J. J. Spatial distribution and chemical speciation of soil phosphorus in a band application. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76, 2297\u20132306 (2012).","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"21935_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1021\/es902963c","volume":"44","author":"W Negassa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Negassa, W. et al. Phosphorus Speciation in Agro-Industrial Byproducts: Sequential Fractionation, Solution 31P NMR, and PK-and L 2, 3-Edge XANES Spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 2092\u20132097 (2010).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"21935_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7485","DOI":"10.1021\/es0503130","volume":"39","author":"S Sato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sato, S., Solomon, D., Hyland, C., Ketterings, Q. M. & Lehmann, J. Phosphorus speciation in manure and manure-amended soils using XANES spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 7485\u20137491 (2005).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"21935_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2006.0051","volume":"70","author":"E Lombi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lombi, E. et al. Speciation and distribution of phosphorus in a fertilized soil: A synchrotron-based investigation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70, 2038\u20132048 (2006).","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"21935_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4253","DOI":"10.1021\/es025660d","volume":"36","author":"D Peak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peak, D., Sims, J. & Sparks, D. Solid-state speciation of natural and alum-amended poultry litter using XANES spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 4253\u20134261 (2002).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"21935_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0687","volume":"34","author":"GS Toor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Toor, G. S., Peak, J. D. & Sims, J. T. Phosphorus speciation in broiler litter and turkey manure produced from modified diets. J. Environ. Qual. 34, 687\u2013697 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"21935_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-013-0678-2","volume":"13","author":"KD Alotaibi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alotaibi, K. D., Schoenau, J. J. & Fonstad, T. Possible utilization of ash from meat and bone meal and dried distillers grains gasification as a phosphorus fertilizer: crop growth response and changes in soil chemical properties. J. soil. sediment. 13, 1024\u20131031 (2013).","journal-title":"J. soil. sediment."},{"key":"21935_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2012.01.010","volume":"32","author":"WA Campbell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Campbell, W. A., Fonstad, T., Pugsley, T. & Gerspacher, R. MBM fuel feeding system design and evaluation for FBG pilot plant. Waste Manag. 32, 1138\u20131147 (2012).","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"21935_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/00103629809369925","volume":"29","author":"D Wang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wang, D. & Anderson, D. W. Direct measurement of organic carbon content in soils by the Leco CR\u201012 carbon analyzer. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 29, 15\u201321 (1998).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"21935_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keeney, D. R., D. Nelson. Nitrogen-inorganic forms. In Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties, end ed., eds Madison, WI: SSSA (1982).","DOI":"10.2134\/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c33"},{"key":"21935_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/00103629409369068","volume":"25","author":"P Qian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Qian, P., Schoenau, J. J. & Karamanos, R. E. Simultaneous extraction of available phosphorus and potassium with a new test: A modification of Kelowna extraction. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 25, 627\u2013636 (1994).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"21935_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W. Particle-size analysis, in Klute, A (Ed.), Method of soil analysis, physical and mineralogical methods. ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI., pp. 383\u2013411 (1986).","DOI":"10.2136\/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c15"},{"key":"21935_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4141\/P04-140","volume":"85","author":"SS Malhi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Malhi, S. S., Schoenau, J. J. & Grant, C. A. A review of sulphur fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of canola in the Canadian Great Plains. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85, 297\u2013307 (2005).","journal-title":"Can. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"21935_CR33","unstructured":"Tiessen, H. & Moir, J. Characterization of available P by sequential in extraction in Soil sampling and methods of analysis (ed. Carter, M. R. & Gregorich, E. G.) 293\u2013306 (Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishes, 2008)."},{"key":"21935_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1967.00021962005900030010x","volume":"59","author":"R Thomas","year":"1967","unstructured":"Thomas, R., Sheard, R. & Moyer, J. Comparison of conventional and automated procedures for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium analysis of plant material using a single digestion. Agron. J. 59, 240\u2013243 (1967).","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"21935_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(00)88444-5","volume":"27","author":"J Murphy","year":"1962","unstructured":"Murphy, J. & Riley, J. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chim Acta 27, 31\u201336 (1962).","journal-title":"Anal. Chim Acta"},{"key":"21935_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/SS.0b013e31823939a3","volume":"176","author":"G Kar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kar, G., Hundal, L. S., Schoenau, J. J. & Peak, D. Direct chemical speciation of P in sequential chemical extraction residues using P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Soil Sci. 176, 589\u2013595 (2011).","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"21935_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/SS.0b013e31823fd478","volume":"177","author":"D Peak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peak, D., Kar, G., Hundal, L. & Schoenau, J. Kinetics and mechanisms of phosphorus release in a soil amended with biosolids or inorganic fertilizer. Soil Sci. 177, 183\u2013187 (2012).","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"21935_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1107\/S0909049505012719","volume":"12","author":"B Ravel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ravel, B. & Newville, M. ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: Data analysis for x-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT. J. Synchrotron Rad. 12, 537\u2013541 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Synchrotron Rad."},{"key":"21935_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1983.tb01074.x","volume":"34","author":"H Tiessen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tiessen, H., Stewart, J. & Moir, J. Changes in organic and inorganic phosphorus composition of two grassland soils and their particle size fractions during 60\u201390 years of cultivation. Europ. J. Soil Sci. 34, 815\u2013823 (1983).","journal-title":"Europ. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"21935_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00002890","volume":"8","author":"J Schoenau","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schoenau, J., Stewart, J. & Bettany, J. Forms and cycling of phosphorus in prairie and boreal forest soils. Biogeochemist. 8, 223\u2013237 (1989).","journal-title":"Biogeochemist."},{"key":"21935_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-200011000-00008","volume":"165","author":"M Mozaffari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mozaffari, M., Rosen, C., Russelle, M. & Nater, E. Corn and soil response to application of ash generated from gasified alfalfa stems. Soil Sci. 165, 896\u2013907 (2000a).","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"21935_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-012-9533-x","volume":"94","author":"D M\u00fcller-St\u00f6ver","year":"2012","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-St\u00f6ver, D. et al. Soil application of ash produced by low-temperature fluidized bed gasification: effects on soil nutrient dynamics and crop response. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 94, 193\u2013207 (2012).","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"21935_CR43","first-page":"1259","volume":"36","author":"B Eichler-Loebermann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eichler-Loebermann, B., Schiemenz, K., Makadi, M., Vago, I. & Koeppen, D. Nutrient cycling by using residues of bio-energy production: Effects of biomass ashes on plant and soil parameters. Cereal Res. Commun. 36(Suppl), 1259\u20131262 (2008).","journal-title":"Cereal Res. Commun."},{"key":"21935_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2000.00472425002900030035x","volume":"29","author":"M Mozaffari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mozaffari, M., Rosen, C., Russelle, M. & Nater, E. Chemical characterization of ash from gasification of alfalfa stems: Implications for ash management. J. Environ. Qual. 29, 963\u2013972 (2000b).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"21935_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1127(94)90152-X","volume":"66","author":"M Clarholm","year":"1994","unstructured":"Clarholm, M. Granulated wood ash and a \u2018N-free\u2019 fertilizer to a forest soil - effects on P availability. Forest Ecol. Manag. 66, 127\u2013136 (1994).","journal-title":"Forest Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"21935_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2004.0971","volume":"96","author":"SJ Patterson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Patterson, S. J., Acharya, S. N., Thomas, J. E., Bertschi, A. B. & Rothwell, R. L. Barley biomass and grain yield and canola seed yield response to land application of wood ash. Agrono. J. 96, 971\u2013977 (2004).","journal-title":"Agrono. J."},{"key":"21935_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(03)00137-7","volume":"101","author":"E Deydier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Deydier, E., Guilet, R. & Sharrock, P. Beneficial use of meat and bone meal combustion residue: \u201can efficient low cost material to remove lead from aqueous effluent\u201d. J. Hazard. Mater. 101, 55\u201364 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"21935_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.04.133","volume":"150","author":"M Coutand","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coutand, M., Cyr, M., Deydier, E., Guilet, R. & Clastres, P. Characteristics of industrial and laboratory meat and bone meal ashes and their potential applications. J. Hazard. Mater. 150, 522\u2013532 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"21935_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7061(94)00023-4","volume":"64","author":"AF Cross","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cross, A. F. & Schlesinger, W. H. A literature review and evaluation of the. Hedley fractionation: Applications to the biogeochemical cycle of soil phosphorus in natural ecosystems. Geoderma 64, 197\u2013214 (1995).","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"21935_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-013-1564-7","volume":"224","author":"N Siebers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Siebers, N., Kruse, J. & Leinweber, P. Speciation of Phosphorus and Cadmium in a Contaminated Soil Amended with Bone Char: Sequential Fractionations and XANES Spectroscopy. Water Air Soil Pollut. 224, 1\u201313 (2013).","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"21935_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ss.0000135164.14757.33","volume":"169","author":"Z He","year":"2004","unstructured":"He, Z., Griffin, T. S. & Honeycutt, C. W. Evaluation of soil phosphorus transformations by sequential fractionation and phosphatase hydrolysis. Soil Sci. 169, 515\u2013527 (2004).","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"21935_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1980.03615995004400030004x","volume":"44","author":"J Williams","year":"1980","unstructured":"Williams, J., Mayer, T. & Nriagu, J. Extractability of phosphorus from phosphate minerals common in soils and sediments. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44, 462\u2013465 (1980).","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"21935_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14350","DOI":"10.1021\/es4032198","volume":"47","author":"AR Betts","year":"2013","unstructured":"Betts, A. R., Chen, N., Hamilton, J. G. & Peak, D. Rates and mechanisms of Zn2+ adsorption on a meat and bonemealbiochar. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 14350\u201314357 (2013).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-21935-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-21935-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-21935-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T10:26:24Z","timestamp":1719829584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-21935-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["21935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-21935-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"3617"}}