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In this work we exploited various biochemical approaches to investigate the mode of action of 16-\u03b1-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13 (14)-Z-dien-15,16-olide (HDK-20), which we recently isolated from <jats:italic>Polyalthia longifolia<\/jats:italic>, on <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:italic> bloodstream trypomastigotes. HDK20 at concentrations \u2265 EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> (0.4\u2009\u03bcg\/ml) was trypanocidal, with its effect irreversible after only a brief exposure time (&lt;1\u2009h). Fluorescence microscopic assessment of DNA configuration revealed severe cell cycle defects after 8\u2009h of incubation with the compound, the equivalent of a single generation time. This was accompanied by DNA fragmentation as shown by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labelling (TUNEL) assays. HDK-20 also induced a fast and profound depolarisation of the parasites\u2019 mitochondrial membrane potential and depleted intracellular ATP levels of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>brucei<\/jats:italic>. Overall, HDK20 showed a multi-target mechanism of action, which provides a biochemical explanation for the promising anti-trypanosomatid activity in our previous report.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22908-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T12:16:18Z","timestamp":1520597778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Multi-target mode of action of a Clerodane-type diterpenoid from Polyalthia longifolia targeting African trypanosomes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Godwin U.","family":"Ebiloma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Katsoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John O.","family":"Igoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander I.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9963-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry P.","family":"De Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"22908_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001268","volume":"143","author":"F Giordani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giordani, F., Morrison, L. 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