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Although the influences of ATX on LPA levels are well known <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, those on choline have not been elucidated. Therefore, we established suitable sampling conditions and evaluated the usefulness of plasma choline concentrations as a biomarker for ACS. Serum LPA and choline concentrations dramatically increased after incubation depending on the presence of ATX, while their concentrations in plasma under several conditions were differently modulated. Plasma choline levels in genetically modified mice and healthy human subjects, however, were not influenced by the ATX level <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, while the plasma LPA concentrations were associated with ATX. With strict sample preparation, the plasma choline levels did not increase, but actually decreased in ACS patients. Our study revealed that ATX increased the choline concentrations after blood sampling but was not correlated with the choline concentrations <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>; therefore, strict sample preparation will be necessary to investigate the possible use of choline as a biomarker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23009-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T15:45:06Z","timestamp":1520869506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Measurement of plasma choline in acute coronary syndrome: importance of suitable sampling conditions for this assay"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8584-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryunosuke","family":"Ohkawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kurano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Nojiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigemi","family":"Hosogaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomotaka","family":"Dohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsumi","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Daida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junken","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeo","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Tozuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Yatomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"23009_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00349-X","volume":"16","author":"SH Zeisel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zeisel, S. 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