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Iso-\u03b1-acids, hop-derived bitter components of beer, have been reported to have various physiological functions via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3. In this report, we demonstrated that daily intake of iso-\u03b1-acids suppresses inflammations in the hippocampus and improves cognitive decline induced by high fat diet (HFD). Body weight, epididymal fat weight, and plasma triglyceride levels were increased in HFD-fed mice, and significantly decreased in iso-\u03b1-acids supplemented HFD-fed mice. HFD feeding enhances the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-\u03b1, which was significantly suppressed by iso-\u03b1-acids administration. HFD-induced neuroinflammation caused lipid peroxidation, neuronal loss, and atrophy in hippocampus, and those were not observed in iso-\u03b1-acids-treated mice. Furthermore, iso-\u03b1-acids intake significantly improved cognitive decline induced by HFD-feeding. Iso-\u03b1-acids are food derived components that suppressing both lipid accumulation and brain inflammation, thus iso-\u03b1-acids might be beneficial for the risk of dementia increased by obesity and lifestyle-related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23213-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T10:24:59Z","timestamp":1520936699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Iso-\u03b1-acids, bitter components of beer, prevent obesity-induced cognitive decline"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tatsuhiro","family":"Ayabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rena","family":"Ohya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Ano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"23213_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000234037.91185.99","volume":"67","author":"M Vanhanen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vanhanen, M. et al. 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