{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:10:33Z","timestamp":1790809833945,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cognitive decline, obesity and gut dysfunction or microbial dysbiosis occur in association. Our aim was to identify gut microbiota-metabolomics signatures preceding dementia in genetically prone (3xtg) mice, with and without superimposed high-fat diet. We examined the composition and diversity of their gut microbiota, and serum and faecal metabolites. 3xtg mice showed brain hypometabolism typical of pre-demented stage, and lacked the physiological bacterial diversity between caecum and colon seen in controls. Cluster analyses revealed distinct profiles of microbiota, and serum and fecal metabolome across groups. Elevation in Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes abundance, and exclusive presence of\n                    <jats:italic>Turicibacteraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Christensenellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Anaeroplasmataceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and lack of\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were also observed. Metabolome analysis revealed a deficiency in unsaturated fatty acids and choline, and an overabundance in ketone bodies, lactate, amino acids, TMA and TMAO in 3xtg mice, with additive effects of high-fat diet. These metabolic alterations were correlated with high prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Coprobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Dorea<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and low prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>S24.7<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>rc4.4<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which in turn related to cognitive impairment and cerebral hypometabolism. Our results indicate an effect of transgenic background on gut microbiome-metabolome, enhanced by high-fat diet. The resulting profiles may precede overt cognitive impairment, suggesting their predictive or risk-stratifying potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23261-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T11:33:43Z","timestamp":1521027223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Microbiome-metabolome signatures in mice genetically prone to develop dementia, fed a normal or fatty diet"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4353-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Sanguinetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Carmen","family":"Collado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vannina G.","family":"Marrachelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4803-1573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Monleon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Selma-Royo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes M.","family":"Pardo-Tendero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Burchielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6443-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Iozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"23261_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12263-017-0566-2","volume":"12","author":"S Duranti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duranti, S., Ferrario, C., van Sinderen, D., Ventura, M. & Turroni, F. Obesity and microbiota: an example of an intricate relationship. Genes Nutr. 12, 18, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12263-017-0566-2 (2017).","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"23261_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1290757","volume":"8","author":"AR Weingarden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weingarden, A. R. & Vaughn, B. P. Intestinal microbiota, fecal microbiota transplantation, and inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 8(3), 238\u201352, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2017.1290757 (2017).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"2","key":"23261_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273106","volume":"595","author":"TG Dinan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dinan, T. G. & Cryan, J. F. Gut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration. J. Physiol. 595(2), 489\u2013503, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP273106 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"23261_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986823","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/986823","volume":"2012","author":"R Businaro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Businaro, R., Ippoliti, F., Ricci, S., Canitano, N. & Fuso, A. Alzheimer\u2019s disease promotion by obesity: induced mechanisms-molecular links and perspectives. Curr. Gerontol. Geriatr. Res. 2012, 986823, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/986823 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Gerontol. Geriatr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"23261_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-120511","volume":"36","author":"S Semar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Semar, S. et al. Changes of the enteric nervous system in amyloid-\u03b2 protein precursor transgenic mice correlate with disease progression. J. Alzheimer. Dis. 36(1), 7\u201320, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-120511 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"23261_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142259","volume":"44","author":"KL Puig","year":"2015","unstructured":"Puig, K. L. et al. Overexpression of mutant amyloid-\u03b2 protein precursor and presenilin 1 modulates enteric nervous system. J. Alzheimer. Dis. 44(4), 1263\u201378, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-142259 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"23261_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.010","volume":"35","author":"EM Knight","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knight, E. M., Martins, I. V., G\u00fcm\u00fcsg\u00f6z, S., Allan, S. M. & Lawrence, C. B. High-fat diet-induced memory impairment in triple-transgenic Alzheimer\u2019s disease (3xTgAD) mice is independent of changes in amyloid and tau pathology. Neurobiol. Aging 35(8), 1821\u201332, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.010 (2014).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"23261_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.08.022","volume":"31","author":"C Julien","year":"2010","unstructured":"Julien, C. et al. High-fat diet aggravates amyloid-beta and tau pathologies in the 3xTg-AD mouse model. Neurobiol. Aging 31(9), 1516\u201331, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.08.022 (2010).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"23261_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000209","volume":"18","author":"EA Murphy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murphy, E. A., Velazquez, K. T. & Herbert, K. M. Influence of high-fat diet on gut microbiota: a driving force for chronic disease risk. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 18(5), 515\u201320, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000209 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"23261_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Holzer, P., Farzi, A. Neuropeptides and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 817,195\u2013219. Review, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-0897-4_9 (2014).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0897-4_9"},{"key":"23261_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00233","volume":"2","author":"M Matsumoto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matsumoto, M. et al. Impact of Intestinal Microbiota on Intestinal Luminal Metabolome. Scientific Reports 2, 233, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep00233 (2012).","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"23261_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01144","volume":"7","author":"P Vernocchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vernocchi, P., Del Chierico, F. & Putignani, L. Gut Microbiota Profiling: Metabolomics Based Approach to Unravel Compounds Affecting Human Health. Front Microbiol. 7, 1144, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01144 (2016).","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"23261_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levy, M., Thaiss, C.A., Elinav, E. Metabolites: messengers between the microbiota and the immune system. Genes Dev. 30(14), 1589\u201397. Review, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.284091.116 (2016).","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.284091.116"},{"issue":"5","key":"23261_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.10.016","volume":"20","author":"G Sharon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharon, G. et al. Specialized metabolites from the microbiome in health and disease. Cell Metab. 20(5), 719\u2013730 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"23261_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2014.01.002","volume":"92","author":"RA Haast","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haast, R. A. & Kiliaan, A. J. Impact of fatty acids on brain circulation, structure and function. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 92, 3\u201314, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plefa.2014.01.002 (2015).","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"23261_CR16","unstructured":"Prese\u0107ki, P. et al. Serum lipid levels in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Coll. Antropol. 35(Suppl 1), 115\u201320 (2011)."},{"issue":"3","key":"23261_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-110629","volume":"29","author":"SC Cunnane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cunnane, S. C. et al. Plasma and brain fatty acid profiles in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 29(3), 691\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2012-110629 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"23261_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002266","volume":"14","author":"SG Snowden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Snowden, S. G. et al. Association between fatty acid metabolism in the brain and Alzheimer disease neuropathology and cognitive performance: A nontargeted metabolomic study. PLoS Med. 14(3), e1002266, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002266 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"23261_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28383-8_22","volume":"12","author":"S Rajagopal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rajagopal, S., Sangam, S. R., Singh, S. & Joginapally, V. R. Modulatory Effects of Dietary Amino Acids onNeurodegenerative Diseases. Adv. Neurobiol. 12, 401\u201314, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-28383-8_22 (2016).","journal-title":"Adv. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"23261_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830515Y.0000000031","volume":"19","author":"AT Mudd","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mudd, A. T., Getty, C. M., Sutton, B. P. & Dilger, R. N. Perinatal choline deficiency delays brain development and alters metabolite concentrations in the young pig. Nutr Neurosci. 19(10), 425\u201333 (2016).","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci."},{"key":"23261_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00469","volume":"9","author":"J Lewerenz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lewerenz, J. & Maher, P. Chronic Glutamate Toxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases-What is the Evidence? Front. Neurosci. 9, 469, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2015.00469 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"23261_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.06.011","volume":"99","author":"RM Stilling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stilling, R. M. The neuropharmacology of butyrate: The bread and butter of the microbiota-gut-brain axis? Neurochem Int. 99, 110\u201332, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.06.011 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurochem Int."},{"issue":"21","key":"23261_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150610142027","volume":"15","author":"AJ Herrer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herrer, A. J. et al. Collateral Damage: Contribution of Peripheral Inflammation to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 15(21), 2193\u20132210 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"23261_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74957","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074957","volume":"8","author":"S Gu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gu, S. et al. Wu XL.Bacterial community mapping of the mouse gastrointestinal tract. PLoS One 8(10), e74957 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"23261_CR25","first-page":"203","volume":"28","author":"M Carabotti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carabotti, M., Scirocco, A., Maselli, M. A. & Severi, C. The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Ann. Gastroenterol. 28(2), 203\u20139 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"23261_CR26","unstructured":"Sanguinetti, E. et al. High-fat feeding affects cognitive performance and brain glucose metabolism in adult mice. Obesity Facts 8 (Suppl 1), 180-1. Abstract (2015)."},{"issue":"11","key":"23261_CR27","first-page":"1778","volume":"47","author":"L Mosconi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mosconi, L. et al. Hypometabolism exceeds atrophy in presymptomatic early-onset familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Nucl. Med. 47(11), 1778\u201386 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"23261_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000051","volume":"93","author":"L Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. Characteristics of fecal and mucosa-associated microbiota in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 93(8), e51, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000000051 (2014).","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"issue":"6","key":"23261_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.08.049","volume":"139","author":"BP Willing","year":"2010","unstructured":"Willing, B. P. et al. A pyrosequencing study in twins shows that gastrointestinal microbial profiles vary with inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes. Gastroenterology. 139(6), 1844\u201354, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.08.049 (2010).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"2","key":"23261_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.073817","volume":"55","author":"C Manichanh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Manichanh, C. et al. Reduced diversity of faecal microbiota in Crohn\u2019s disease revealed by a metagenomic approach. Gut. 55(2), 205\u201311 (2006).","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"7464","key":"23261_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12480","volume":"500","author":"A Cotillard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cotillard, A. et al. Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness. Nature. 500(7464), 585\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12480 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"3","key":"23261_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.08.007","volume":"375","author":"T Tukiainen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tukiainen, T. et al. A multi-metabolite analysis of serum by 1H NMR spectroscopy: early systemic signs of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 375(3), 356\u201361, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.08.007 (2008).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"23261_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burns, C. M. et al. Higher serum glucose levels are associated with cerebral hypometabolism in Alzheimer regions. Neurology. 80(17), 1557-64, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828f17de (2013).","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828f17de"},{"issue":"6","key":"23261_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308577","volume":"86","author":"C Liguori","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liguori, C. et al. CSF lactate levels, \u03c4 proteins, cognitive decline: a dynamic relationship in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 86(6), 655\u20139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308577 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry."},{"issue":"6","key":"23261_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3131-15.2016","volume":"36","author":"RA Harris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harris, R. A. et al. Aerobic Glycolysis in the Frontal Cortex Correlates with Memory Performance in Wild-Type Mice But Not the APP\/PS1 Mouse Model of Cerebral Amyloidosis. J. Neurosci. 36(6), 1871\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3131-15.2016 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"23261_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.3.861S","volume":"131","author":"CJ Lynch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lynch, C. J. Role of leucine in the regulation of mTOR by amino acids: revelations from structure-activity studies. J. Nutr. 131(3), 861S\u20135S (2001).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"23261_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lynch, C. J. & Adams, S. H. Branched-chain amino acids in metabolic signalling and insulin resistance. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 10(12), 723-36. Review, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2014.171 (2014).","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.171"},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"23261_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt206","volume":"136","author":"B Hooshmand","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hooshmand, B. et al. Plasma homocysteine, Alzheimer and cerebrovascular pathology: a population-based autopsy study. Brain. 136(Pt 9), 2707\u201316, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awt206 (2013).","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"3","key":"23261_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.01.005","volume":"22","author":"J Pacheco-Quinto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pacheco-Quinto, J. et al. Hyperhomocysteinemic Alzheimer\u2019s mouse model of amyloidosis shows increased brain amyloid beta peptide levels. Neurobiol. Dis. 22(3), 651\u20136 (2006).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"23261_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12057","volume":"12","author":"A Caccamo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caccamo, A. et al. mTOR regulates tau phosphorylation and degradation: implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other tauopathies. Aging Cell. 12(3), 370\u201380, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.12057 (2013).","journal-title":"Aging Cell."},{"issue":"11","key":"23261_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.1021\/bi052167g","volume":"45","author":"F Scaramozzino","year":"2006","unstructured":"Scaramozzino, F. et al. TMAO promotes fibrillization and microtubule assembly activity in the C-terminal repeat region of tau. Biochemistry. 45(11), 3684\u20133691 (2006).","journal-title":"Biochemistry."},{"issue":"1","key":"23261_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666150716165726","volume":"14","author":"T Ferreira-Vieira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferreira-Vieira, T., Guimaraes, I. M., Silva, F. R. & Ribeiro, F. M. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Targeting the Cholinergic System. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 14(1), 101\u201315 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"23261_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.13635","volume":"12","author":"Y Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Li, T. R., Xu, C. & Xu, T. Ribose Accelerates Gut Motility and Suppresses Mouse Body Weight Gaining. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 12(6), 701\u20139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.13635 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"23261_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.205","volume":"46","author":"SS Rao","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rao, S. S., Kavelock, R., Beaty, J., Ackerson, K. & Stumbo, P. Effects of fat and carbohydrate meals on colonic motor response. Gut. 46(2), 205\u201311 (2000).","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"6","key":"23261_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1403","volume":"57","author":"PD Cani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cani, P. D. et al. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes. 57(6), 1470\u201381, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db07-1403 (2008).","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"5","key":"23261_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0126931","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126931","volume":"10","author":"V Lecomte","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lecomte, V. et al. Changes in gut microbiota in rats fed a high fat diet correlate with obesity-associated metabolic parameters. PLoS One. 10(5), e0126931 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"23261_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cunnane, S. et al. Brain fuel metabolism, aging, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nutrition. 27(1):3-20. Review, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2010.07.021 (2011).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2010.07.021"},{"issue":"3","key":"23261_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2008.05.004","volume":"5","author":"ST Henderson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Henderson, S. T. Ketone bodies as a therapeutic for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurotherapeutics 5(3), 470\u201380, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nurt.2008.05.004 (2008).","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"23261_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.273","volume":"18","author":"LL Hwang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hwang, L. L. et al. Sex differences in high-fat diet-induced obesity, metabolic alterations and learning, and synaptic plasticity deficits in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring). 18(3), 463\u20139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2009.273 (2010).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)."},{"key":"23261_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00492","volume":"7","author":"A Boix-Amor\u00f3s","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boix-Amor\u00f3s, A., Collado, M. C. & Mira, A. Relationship between Milk Microbiota, Bacterial Load, Macronutrients, and Human Cells during Lactation. Front. Microbiol. 7, 492, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00492 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"23261_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr026","volume":"27","author":"R Schmieder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schmieder, R. & Edwards, R. Quality control and preprocessing of metagenomic datasets. Bioinformatics 27, 863\u20134, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr026 (2011).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"23261_CR52","unstructured":"Aronesty, E. Command-line tools for processing biological sequencing data. ea-utils: FASTQ processing utilities, http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/ea-utils (2011)."},{"key":"23261_CR53","unstructured":"Team, R.C. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2012)."},{"key":"23261_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","volume":"7","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caporaso, J. G. et al. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat. Methods 7, 335\u20136, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.f.303 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"23261_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","volume":"12","author":"N Segata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Segata, N. et al. Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation. Genome Biol. 12, R60, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60 (2011).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-23261-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-23261-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-23261-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T22:36:16Z","timestamp":1671575776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-23261-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["23261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-23261-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"4907"}}