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This study examined their effects, compared to maltodextrin, on postprandial BP and other CVD risk markers in volunteers with mild and pre-hypertension over an 8\u2009h period. In this double-blinded, randomised, cross-over, controlled study 27 adults ingested a high-fat, isoenergetic breakfast and lunch with 28\u2009g whey protein, 28\u2009g Ca-caseinate or 27\u2009g maltodextrin. Whey protein reduced systolic BP compared with Ca-caseinate (\u221215.2\u2009\u00b1\u200913.6\u2009mmHg) and maltodextrin (\u221223.4\u2009\u00b1\u200910.5\u2009mmHg) up to 5\u2009h post-ingestion. There was an improvement in arterial stiffness after whey protein compared with maltodextrin (incremental Area Under the Curve-\u00a0iAUC<jats:sub>0\u20138h<\/jats:sub>: +14.4\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2%). Despite similar glucose levels after both whey protein and Ca-caseinate, whey protein induced a higher insulin response than Ca-caseinate (iAUC<jats:sub>0\u20138h<\/jats:sub>: +219.5\u2009\u00b1\u200954.6\u2009pmol\/L). Ca-caseinate induced\u00a0less suppression of non-esterified fatty acids than whey protein (iAUC<jats:sub>0\u20135h<\/jats:sub>: \u221258.9\u2009\u00b1\u2009135.5\u2009\u03bcmol\/L) and maltodextrin (iAUC<jats:sub>0\u20135h<\/jats:sub>: \u2212106.9\u2009\u00b1\u200989.4\u2009\u03bcmol\/L) and induced a smaller postprandial triacylglycerol response\u00a0than whey protein (iAUC<jats:sub>0\u20138h<\/jats:sub>: \u22121.68\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009mmol\/L). Milk proteins co-ingestion with high-fat meals may have the potential to maintain or improve CVD risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23333-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,29]],"date-time":"2018-03-29T01:26:36Z","timestamp":1522286796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Whey protein lowers systolic blood pressure and Ca-caseinate reduces serum TAG after a high-fat meal in mildly hypertensive adults"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"\u00c1gnes A.","family":"Fekete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3717-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotta","family":"Giromini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yianna","family":"Chatzidiakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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