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In this study, a metabonomic analysis was undertaken to better understand global changes in pregnant dairy cows on D 17 and D 45 after timed artificial insemination (AI). Metabolic changes in the blood plasma of pregnant dairy cows were investigated using HPLC-MS and a multivariate statistical analysis. Changes in metabolic networks were established using the MetPA method. Alterations in six metabolic pathways were found on D 17 and D 45, including variations in the level of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, glycerolipid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. In addition to these pathways, 9 metabolic pathways were markedly altered on D 45. These pathways included changes in the one-carbon pool caused by folate; phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; thiamine metabolism; pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; purine metabolism; inositol phosphate metabolism; amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism; pentose phosphate; and the TCA pathway. The combination of metabonomics and network methods used in this study generated rich biochemical insight into possible biological modules related to early pregnancy in dairy cows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23983-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T14:45:06Z","timestamp":1523457906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Metabolomics and pathway analyses to characterize metabolic alterations in pregnant dairy cows on D 17 and D 45 after AI"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Y. 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