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Our previous work revealed that the level of miR-199a-5p was significantly higher in failing hearts than in control hearts. However, whether it is associated with the progression of heart failure (HF) and mediates cardiomyocyte apoptosis remained unclear. In the present study, we used various biochemical and molecular biological approaches to investigate the changes in miR-199a-5p levels in failing hearts in a rat model induced by acute myocardial infarction. We found that miR-199a-5p levels in the heart increased with the progression of HF, and overexpression of miR-199a-5p significantly increased apoptosis in untreated H9C2 cells and potentiated angiotensin II-induced apoptosis. Thus, our results indicate that miR-199a-5p is involved in the progression of HF and mediates cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We also confirmed that JunB, a member of the activator protein-1 transcription factor family, is one of direct targets of miR-199a-5p via a dual-luciferase reporter assay and mutagenesis on the 3\u2032 untranslated region of the JunB gene. Consistent with the above findings, overexpression of JunB in H9c2 cells suppressed cell apoptosis. Based on our findings, miR-199a-5p induces apoptosis by targeting JunB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24932-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]],"date-time":"2018-04-23T12:08:39Z","timestamp":1524485319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["MicroRNA 199a-5p induces apoptosis by targeting JunB"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanbo","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhisen","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"24932_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-012-0304-5","volume":"14","author":"W Mughal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mughal, W., Dhingra, R. & Kirshenbaum, L. 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