{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T11:21:53Z","timestamp":1794482513096,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Allicin (diallylthiosulfinate)\u00a0is a defence molecule from garlic (\n                    <jats:italic>Allium sativum<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) with broad antimicrobial activities in the low \u00b5M range against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including antibiotic resistant strains, and fungi. Allicin reacts with thiol groups and can inactivate essential enzymes. However, allicin is unstable at room temperature and antimicrobial activity is lost within minutes upon heating to &gt;80\u2009\u00b0C. Allicin\u2019s antimicrobial activity is due to the thiosulfinate group, so we synthesized a series of allicin analogues and tested their antimicrobial properties and thermal stability. Dimethyl-, diethyl-, diallyl-, dipropyl- and dibenzyl-thiosulfinates were synthesized and tested\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    against bacteria and the model fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , human and plant cells in culture and\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    root growth. The more volatile compounds showed significant antimicrobial properties via the gas phase. A chemogenetic screen with selected yeast mutants showed that the mode of action of the analogues was similar to that of allicin and that the glutathione pool and glutathione metabolism were of central importance for resistance against them. Thiosulfinates differed in their effectivity against specific organisms and some were thermally more stable than allicin. These analogues could be suitable for applications in medicine and agriculture either singly or in combination with other antimicrobials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25154-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T11:05:18Z","timestamp":1524567918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["A Comparison of the Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Thiosulfinate Analogues of Allicin"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Roman","family":"Leontiev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Hohaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C. H.","family":"Gruhlke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Slusarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"25154_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Block, E. Garlic and the other Alliums. The Lore and the Science (RSC Publishing, 2010)","DOI":"10.1039\/9781839168369"},{"key":"25154_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530100722","volume":"57","author":"JC Harris","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harris, J. C., Cottrell, S., Plummer, S. & Lloyd, D. Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum (garlic). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 57, 282\u2013286 (2001).","journal-title":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"25154_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12591","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules190812591","volume":"19","author":"J Borlinghaus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borlinghaus, J., Albrecht, F., Gruhlke, M. C., Nwachukwu, I. D. & Slusarenko, A. J. Allicin: Chemistry and Biological Properties. Molecules 19, 12591\u201312618 (2014).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"25154_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-199910000-00012","volume":"10","author":"D Abramovitz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Abramovitz, D. et al. Allicin-induced decrease in formation of fatty streaks (atherosclerosis) in mice fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Coron. Artery Dis. 10, 515\u2013519 (1999).","journal-title":"Coron. Artery Dis."},{"key":"25154_CR5","first-page":"985","volume":"6","author":"S Eilat","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eilat, S. et al. Alteration of lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rabbits by allicin, an active constituent of garlic. Coron. Artery Dis. 6, 985\u2013990 (1995).","journal-title":"Coron. Artery Dis."},{"key":"25154_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(94)90222-4","volume":"1213","author":"R Gebhardt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gebhardt, R., Beck, H. & Wagner, K. G. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by allicin and ajoene in rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) 1213, 57\u201362 (1994).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)"},{"key":"25154_CR7","first-page":"15","volume":"2","author":"SA Barrie","year":"1987","unstructured":"Barrie, S. A., Wright, J. V. & Pizzorno, J. E. Effects of garlic oil on platelet aggregation, serum lipids and blood pressure in humans. J. Orthomolec. Med. 2, 15\u201321 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Orthomolec. Med."},{"key":"25154_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17977","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705710104","volume":"104","author":"GA Benavides","year":"2007","unstructured":"Benavides, G. A. et al. Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104, 17977\u201317982 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"25154_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-8-13","volume":"8","author":"K Ried","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ried, K., Frank, O., Stocks, N., Fakler, P. & Sullivan, T. Effect of garlic on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc. Dis. 8, 13 (2008).","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"25154_CR10","first-page":"463","volume":"12","author":"C Silagy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Silagy, C. & Neil, H. A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. J. Hypertens. 12, 463\u2013468 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"25154_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041255","volume":"92","author":"B Turner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Turner, B., Molgaard, C. & Marckmann, P. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) powder tablets on serum lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normo-lipidaemic volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br. J. Nutr. 92, 701\u2013706 (2004).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"25154_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4796","volume":"27","author":"JY Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan, J. Y., Yuen, A. C., Chan, R. Y. & Chan, S. W. A review of the cardiovascular benefits and antioxidant properties of allicin. Phytother. Res. 27, 637\u2013646 (2013).","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"25154_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914NC382_14","volume":"38","author":"K Hirsch","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hirsch, K. et al. Effect of purified allicin, the major ingredient of freshly crushed garlic, on cancer cell proliferation. Nutrit. Cancer 38, 245\u2013254 (2000).","journal-title":"Nutrit. Cancer"},{"key":"25154_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(99)80028-2","volume":"6","author":"CP Siegers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Siegers, C. P., Steffen, B., R\u00f6bke, A. & Pentz, R. The effects of garlic preparations against human tumor cell proliferation. Phytomedicine 6, 7\u201311 (1999).","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"25154_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01239a048","volume":"66","author":"CJ Cavallito","year":"1944","unstructured":"Cavallito, C. J. & Bailey, J. H. Allicin, the Antibacterial Principle of Allium sativum I. Isolation, Physical Properties and Antibacterial Action. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 66, 1950\u20131951 (1944).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"25154_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01239a049","volume":"66","author":"CJ Cavallito","year":"1944","unstructured":"Cavallito, C. J., Buck, J. S. & Suter, C. M. Allicin, the Antibacterial Principle of Allium sativum. II. Determination of the Chemical Structure. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 66, 1952\u20131954 (1944).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"25154_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2004.11.006","volume":"65","author":"H Curtis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Curtis, H., Noll, U., St\u00f6rmann, J. & Slusarenko, A. J. Broad-spectrum activity of the volatile phytoanticipin allicin in extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.) against plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi and Oomycetes. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 65, 79\u201389 (2004).","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"25154_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.90096","volume":"73","author":"H Fujisawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fujisawa, H. et al. Antibacterial Potential of Garlic-Derived Allicin and its Cancellation by Sulfhydryl Compounds. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73, 1948\u20131955 (2009).","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"25154_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-961504","volume":"58","author":"ND Weber","year":"1992","unstructured":"Weber, N. D. et al. In vitro virucidal effects of Allium sativum (garlic) extract and compounds. Planta Med. 58, 417\u2013423 (1992).","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"25154_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(99)80003-3","volume":"1","author":"S Ankri","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ankri, S. & Mirelman, D. Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic. Microbes Infect. 1, 125\u2013129 (1999).","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"25154_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(01)00304-1","volume":"58","author":"R Kubec","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kubec, R. & Musah, R. A. Cysteine sulfoxide derivatives in Petiveria alliacea. Phytochemistry 58, 981\u20135 (2001).","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"25154_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.08.072","volume":"104","author":"S Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim, S., Kubec, R. & Musah, R. A. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of sulfur-containing compounds from Petiveria alliacea L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 104, 188\u2013192 (2006).","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"25154_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01199a040","volume":"69","author":"LD Small","year":"1947","unstructured":"Small, L. D., Bailey, J. H. & Cavallito, C. J. Alkyl Thiolsulfinates. Journal of the American Chemical Society 69, 1710\u20131713 (1947).","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"25154_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1352.011","volume":"1056","author":"R Hunter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hunter, R., Caira, M. & Stellenboom, N. Thiolsulfinate Allicin from Garlic: Inspiration for a New Antimicrobial Agent. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1056, 234\u2013241 (2005).","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"25154_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101711","volume":"22","author":"J Reiter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reiter, J. et al. Diallylthiosulfinate (Allicin), a Volatile Antimicrobial from Garlic (Allium sativum), Kills Human Lung Pathogenic Bacteria, Including MDR Strains, as a Vapor. Molecules 22, 1711 (2017).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"25154_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallock-Richards, D. et al. Garlic Revisited: Antimicrobial Activity of Allicin-Containing Garlic Extracts against Burkholderia cepacia Complex. 2014, PLoS ONE 9(12) (2014).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112726"},{"key":"25154_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.02.080","volume":"134","author":"H Haase","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haase, H. et al. Impact of allicin on macrophage activity. Food Chem. 134, 141\u2013148 (2012).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"25154_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox6010001","volume":"6","author":"MCH Gruhlke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gruhlke, M. C. H., Nicco, C., Batteux, F. & Slusarenko, A. J. The Effects of Allicin, a Reactive Sulfur Species from Garlic, on a Selection of Mammalian Cell Lines. Antioxidants 6, 1 (2017).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"25154_CR29","unstructured":"Minchin, W.C. The treatment, Prevention and Cure of Tuberculosis and Lupus with Allyl Sulphide (Tindall and Cox, 1912)."},{"key":"25154_CR30","unstructured":"Minchin, W.C. A Study in Tubercle Virus, Polymorphism and the Treatment of Tuberculosis and Lupus with Oleum allii. Bailliere (Tindall & Cox, 1927)."},{"key":"25154_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2012.03.016","volume":"59","author":"MCH Gruhlke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gruhlke, M. C. H. & Slusarenko, A. J. The biology of reactive sulfur species (RSS). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 59, 98\u2013107 (2012).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"25154_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22050770","volume":"22","author":"F Albrecht","year":"2017","unstructured":"Albrecht, F., Leontiev, R., Jacob, C. & Slusarenko, A. J. An Optimized Facile Procedure to synthesize and purify Allicin. Molecules 22, 770 (2017).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"25154_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0630514","volume":"63","author":"ED Wills","year":"1956","unstructured":"Wills, E. D. Enzyme Inhibition by Allicin, the Active Principle of Garlic. Biochem. J. 63, 514\u2013520 (1956).","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"25154_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-961678","volume":"58","author":"G Winkler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Winkler, G., Iberl, B. & Knobloch, K. Reactivity of Allicin and its Transformation Products with Sulfhydryl Groups, Disulfide Groups, and Human Blood. Planta Med. 58, 665 (1992).","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"25154_CR35","first-page":"1007","volume":"31","author":"J Han","year":"1993","unstructured":"Han, J. et al. Modification of catalytic properties of chicken liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase by allicin. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Intern. 31, 1007\u20131015 (1993).","journal-title":"Biochem. Mol. Biol. Intern."},{"key":"25154_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11477","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.702308","volume":"291","author":"A M\u00fcller","year":"2016","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, A. et al. Allicin Induces Thiol Stress in Bacteria through S-Allylmercapto Modification of Protein Cysteines. J. Biol. Chem. 291, 11477\u201311490 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"25154_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.019","volume":"49","author":"MCH Gruhlke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gruhlke, M. C. H. et al. Allicin disrupts the cell\u2019s electrochemical potential and induces apoptosis in yeast. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 49, 1916\u20131924 (2010).","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"25154_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.004","volume":"108","author":"MCH Gruhlke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gruhlke, M. C. H. et al. Yap1p, the central regulator of the S. cerevisiae oxidative stress response, is activated by allicin, a natural oxidant and defence substance of garlic. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 108, 793\u2013802 (2017).","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"25154_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00202.x","volume":"7","author":"HR L\u00f3pez-Mirabal","year":"2007","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Mirabal, H. R., Thorsen, M., Kielland-Brandt, M. C., Toledano, M. B. & Winther, J. R. Cytoplasmic glutathione redox status determines survival upon exposure to the thiol-oxidant 4,4\u2032-dipyridyl disulfide. FEMS Yeast Research 7, 391\u2013403 (2007).","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Research"},{"key":"25154_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(99)00174-1","volume":"1463","author":"T Miron","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miron, T., Rabinkov, A., Mirelman, D., Wilchek, M. & Weiner, L. The mode of action of allicin: its ready permeability through phospholipid membranes may contribute to its biological activity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1463, 20\u201330 (2000).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"25154_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2014.11.020","volume":"1850","author":"MCH Gruhlke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gruhlke, M. C. H. et al. The defense substance allicin from garlic permeabilizes membranes of Beta vulgaris, Rhoeo discolor, Chara corallina and artificial lipid bilayers. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) 1850, 602\u2013611 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)"},{"key":"25154_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8000907","volume":"56","author":"H Fujisawa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fujisawa, H. et al. Biological and Chemical Stability of Garlic-Derived Allicin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56, 4229\u20134235 (2008).","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"25154_CR43","first-page":"53","volume":"9","author":"N Stellenboom","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stellenboom, N. et al. Synthesis and inclusion of S-aryl alkylthiosulfinates as stable allicin mimics. ARKIVOC 9, 53\u201363 (2007).","journal-title":"ARKIVOC"},{"key":"25154_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2010.07.062","volume":"20","author":"T Waag","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waag, T. et al. Allicin and derivates are cysteine protease inhibitors with antiparasitic activity. Bioorg. Medic. Chem. Lett. 20, 5541\u20135543 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioorg. Medic. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"25154_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06964.x","volume":"59","author":"KH Kyung","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kyung, K. H. & Fleming, H. P. S-Methyl-L-Cysteine Sulfoxide as the Precursor of Methyl Methanethiolsulfinate, the Principal Antibacterial Compound in Cabbage. J. Food Sci. 59, 350\u2013355 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"25154_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-60.1.67","volume":"60","author":"KH Kyung","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kyung, K. H. & Fleming, H. P. Antimicrobial activity of sulfur compounds derived from cabbage. J. Food Protect. 60, 67\u201371 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Food Protect."},{"key":"25154_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.521","volume":"3","author":"I Wiegand","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wiegand, I., Hilpert, K. & Hancock, R. E. W. Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nature Prot 3, 163\u2013175 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature Prot"},{"key":"25154_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1570179414666170329133045","volume":"14","author":"R Leontiev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leontiev, R. & Slusarenko, A. J. Finding the Starting Point for Mode-of-Action Studies of Novel Selenium Compounds: Yeast as a Genetic Toolkit. Curr. Org. Synth. 14, 1\u20137 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Org. Synth."},{"key":"25154_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.128033","volume":"190","author":"KA Morano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morano, K. A., Grant, C. M. & Moye-Rowley, W. S. The response to heat shock and oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 190, 1157\u20131195 (2012).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"25154_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21115","volume":"45","author":"AR Smyth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smyth, A. R. et al. Garlic as an inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing in cystic fibrosis\u2014A pilot randomized controlled trial. Pediatr. Pulm. 45, 315\u2013416, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.21193 (2010).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulm."},{"key":"25154_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-008-9334-x","volume":"122","author":"D Portz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Portz, D., Koch, E. & Slusarenko, A. J. Effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) juice containing allicin on Phytophthora infestans (Mont. de Bary) and on downy mildew of cucumber caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Rostovzev. European Journal of Plant Pathology 122, 197\u2013206 (2008).","journal-title":"European Journal of Plant Pathology"},{"key":"25154_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-007-9232-7","volume":"121","author":"AJ Slusarenko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slusarenko, A. J., Patel, A. & Portz, D. Control of plant diseases by natural products: Allicin from garlic as a case study. European Journal of Plant Pathology 121, 313\u2013322 (2008).","journal-title":"European Journal of Plant Pathology"},{"key":"25154_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62452-3","volume":"132","author":"T Nagata","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nagata, T., Nemoto, Y. & Hasezawa, S. Tobacco BY-2 cell line as the \u201cHeLa\u201d cell in the cell biology of higher plants. International Review of Cytology 132, 1\u201330 (1992).","journal-title":"International Review of Cytology"},{"key":"25154_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5712","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702259114","volume":"114","author":"D Khare","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khare, D. et al. Arabidopsis ABCG34 contributes to defense against necrotrophic pathogens by mediating the secretion of camalexin. PNAS 114, 5712\u20135720 (2017).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"25154_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.02938.x","volume":"49","author":"V Parisy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parisy, V. et al. Identification of PAD2 as a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase highlights the importance of glutathione in disease resistance of Arabidopsis. Plant J. 49, 159\u2013172 (2007).","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"25154_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.153767","volume":"153","author":"A Mhamdi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mhamdi, A. et al. Arabidopsis GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE1 Plays a Crucial Role in Leaf Responses to Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide and in Ensuring Appropriate Gene Expression through Both Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathways. Plant Physiol. 153, 1144\u20131160 (2010).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-25154-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-25154-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-25154-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T03:59:51Z","timestamp":1693627191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-25154-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["25154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-25154-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"6763"}}