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The protective efficacy of conventional protective antigen (PA) based anthrax vaccines is improved by co-administration with inactivated spores or its components. In the present study, using structural vaccinology rationale we synthesized a bivalent protein r-PB encompassing toxin (PAIV) and spore components (BclACTD) and characterized its protective efficacy against <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic> infection. Active immunization of mice with r-PB generated high titer circulating antibodies which facilitated the phagocytic uptake of spores, inhibited their germination to vegetative cells and completely neutralized anthrax toxins <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> resulting in 100\u00a0% survival against anthrax toxin challenge. Proliferation of CD4+ T cell subsets with up-regulation of Th1 (IFN-\u03b3, IL-2, and IL-12), Th2 (IL-5, IL-10) cytokines and balanced expression of IgG1:IgG2a antibody isotypes indicated the stimulation of both Th1 and Th2 subsets. The immunized mice exhibited 100\u00a0% survival upon challenge with <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic> spores or toxin indicating the ability of r-PB to provide comprehensive protection against anthrax. Our results thus demonstrate r-PB an efficient vaccine candidate against anthrax infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25502-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T11:24:22Z","timestamp":1525260262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A bivalent protein r-PB, comprising PA and BclA immunodominant regions for comprehensive protection against Bacillus anthracis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Saugata","family":"Majumder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Somani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivakiran S.","family":"Makam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kingston J.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"25502_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.045393-0","volume":"61","author":"CK Cote","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cote, C. 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