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In this prospective, observational study, we screened 1007 patients undergoing emergency surgery and found that 75 of them (7.5%) were IDUs The results of preoperative screening showed that the rates of HIV and syphilis infection were significantly higher in IDUs (HIV (+) 2.6%, syphilis (+) 10.7%) than in non-IDUs (HIV (+) 0, syphilis (+) 0.5%). Intraoperative consumption of remifentanil (IDUs: 1.85\u2009\u00b1\u20091.30 vs. non-IDUs: 1.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.86, p\u2009=\u20090.009), midazolam (IDUs: 4.82\u2009\u00b1\u20091.52 vs. non-IDUs: 4.15\u2009\u00b1\u20091.81, p\u2009=\u20090.002), and atracurium (IDUs: 31.5\u2009\u00b1\u200915.1 vs. non-IDUs: 25.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.9, p\u2009=\u20090.006) and the proportion of patients requiring postoperative fentanyl (IDUs: 15 (20.0%) vs. non-IDUs: 95 (1.2%), p\u2009=\u20090.031) were significantly increased in IDUs compared to non-IDUs. Postoperative complications were observed in 22.7% (17\/75) of patients who were IDUs, which was significantly increased when compared with non-IDUs (6.0%, 56\/932, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The mortality rate within 30 days after surgery was similar between the two groups. These findings suggested that the IDUs were associated with increased rates of HIV and syphilis infection; greater consumption of intraoperative opioids, sedatives, and muscle relaxants; increased postoperative complications and a similar mortality rate within 30 days after surgery when compared with non-IDUs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25829-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T17:39:04Z","timestamp":1525369144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Preoperative screening for illicit drug use in patients undergoing emergency surgery: A prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2866-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"He","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0744-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanjuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiyong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"25829_CR1","unstructured":"UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME. 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