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The mucosal microbiota has been suggested to be implicated in the persistence of inflammation, but associations have not been well defined. To compare the bacterial communities of healthy subjects with CRSwNP patients, we collected nasal swabs from 17 healthy subjects, 21 CRSwNP patients without asthma (CRSwNP\u2212A), and 20 CRSwNP patients with co-morbid asthma (CRSwNP+A). We analysed the microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA. Bacterial communities were different between the three groups. <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> was significantly enriched in CRSwNP patients, <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> in the healthy group; <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> was abundant in the CRSwNP\u2212A group, even though present in 57% of patients. <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> was found in high amounts in CRSwNP+A patients. Nasal tissues of CRSwNP+A patients expressed significantly higher concentrations of IgE, SE-IgE, and IL-5 compared to those of CRSwNP\u2212A patients. Co-cultivation demonstrated that <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> growth was inhibited by <jats:italic>H. influenzae, E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>. The nasal microbiota of healthy subjects are different from those of CRSwNP\u2212A and CRSwNP+A patients. However, the most abundant species in healthy status could not inhibit those in CRSwNP disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26327-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T11:09:25Z","timestamp":1526382565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is characterized by dysbacteriosis of the nasal microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4359-5078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanit","family":"Chalermwatanachai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramiro","family":"Vilchez-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Holtappels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Lacoere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruy","family":"J\u00e1uregui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4472-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederiek-Maarten","family":"Kerckhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar H.","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Van de Wiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Vaneechoutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Van Zele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Bachert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"26327_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"W Fokkens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fokkens, W., Lund, V. & Mullol, J. 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