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Here we found that soon after NPCC isolation, PDX1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/insulin<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> and SOX9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> pancreatic progenitor-like cells dramatically increased while dual-hormonal progenitor-like cells were routinely observed in NPCC culture. After transplantation (Tx), insulin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells increased and PDX1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and SOX9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells gradually decreased in both non-diabetic (NDM) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DM) grafts over 2 months. Strikingly, a significantly higher percentage of insulin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells were detected in 9-day and 16-day, but not in 23-day, 30-day and 60-day grafts implying that hyperglycemia could only facilitate NPCC-derived \u03b2 cells early post-Tx. A higher percentage of NPCC-derived \u03b2 cells in early DM grafts was determined via an enhanced neogenic differentiation based on the detection of insulin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells budding out from PDX1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/SOX9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> epithelium. Interestingly, a drop in SOX9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> progenitor-like cells was detected 16 days post-Tx in DM grafts whilst PDX1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells do not show a significant difference until 60 days post-Tx between DM and NDM grafts, demonstrating that distinct progenitor-like populations fuel new \u03b2 cells post-Tx. In conclusion, PDX1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/SOX9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells could be quickly activated after NPCC isolation, maintain their multipotency in culture and differentiate into new \u03b2 cell post-Tx.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26404-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T11:57:38Z","timestamp":1526990258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Porcine Neonatal Pancreatic Cell Clusters Maintain Their Multipotency in Culture and After Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Wan-Chun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Wei","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ta","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tz-Yu","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsai-Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Yuan","family":"Chia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyuhn-Huarng","family":"Juang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"26404_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S16","volume":"53","author":"GC Weir","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weir, G. 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