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This study aims to clarify previous findings through comprehensive investigation of association between several trimester-specific ultrasound-based anthropometric measures with AD diagnosis by age 3 years. Measurements of 386 newborns in the Ulm SPATZ Health Study were converted into adjusted z-scores categorized as \u201clow\u201d (\u22641\u2009SD below mean), \u201cnormal,\u201d or \u201chigh\u201d (\u22651\u2009SD above mean). AD cases were defined using parent- or pediatrician-report of physician-diagnosis or clinical diagnosis. Adjusted risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using modified Poisson regression. Compared to normal, both low and high 2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> trimester abdominal circumference [RR 1.51, (95% CI 1.01; 2.24) and 1.83 (1.21; 2.76)], high 2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> trimester head- abdominal circumference ratio [1.69 (1.16; 2.48)], and faltering 2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> to 3<jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup> trimester [1.59 (1.04; 2.43)] head circumference were associated with greater AD risk. High 3<jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup> trimester femur length [0.54 (0.31; 0.94)] was associated with lower risk. Using more inclusive exposure cut-points (0.8\u2009SD), lower 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> trimester crown-rump length was also associated with greater AD risk. Our data suggest several different patterns of fetal growth may be differentially associated with AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26440-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T09:37:11Z","timestamp":1526549831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Fetal growth and incidence of atopic dermatitis in early childhood: Results of the Ulm SPATZ Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Chad A.","family":"Logan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes M.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Reister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Rothenbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5764-1528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Genuneit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"26440_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03519.x","volume":"40","author":"C Lundholm","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lundholm, C., Ortqvist, A. 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