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In this study, we investigated the roles of mouse natural killer T (NKT) cells in lupus nephritis. From 24 weeks of age, NZB\/NZW F1 mice were injected with alpha-galactosylceramide (\u03b1-GalCer) or vehicle once a week for four weeks. In the \u03b1-GalCer group, the levels of proteinuria and blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower than those in the vehicle group. The histological evaluation showed a decrease in glomerular immune complex deposits and an alleviation of podocyte injury. The proportion of NKT cells in the mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction in the \u03b1-GalCer group was significantly decreased in the liver, kidney, and spleen. The proliferation and cytokine production in \u03b1-GalCer-stimulated liver MNCs were markedly diminished in the \u03b1-GalCer group (anergy). The IFN-\u03b3 production in liver MNCs stimulated by concanavalin A or an anti-CD3 antibody did not differ between the two groups, whereas the IL-4 production was significantly lower in the \u03b1-GalCer group. In addition, the IgM production in CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide-stimulated spleen MNCs was significantly lower in the \u03b1-GalCer group. These results suggest that \u03b1-GalCer suppressed Th2 immune responses in NKT cells and B cell function, thereby slowing the progression of lupus nephritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26470-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T08:38:59Z","timestamp":1526978339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Repeated administration of alpha-galactosylceramide ameliorates experimental lupus nephritis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Uchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Yamagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7080-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seigo","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Ishikiriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhji","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"26470_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.08.031","volume":"93","author":"J Fu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fu, J. et al. 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