{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:45:38Z","timestamp":1792640738118,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>IL-9 is a cytokine with pleiotropic function that mediates allergic inflammation and immunity to intestinal helminth parasites. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-9 acts via both, initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses and direct activation of intestinal effector pathways. Here we use IL-9 receptor deficient mice on BALB\/c and C57BL\/6 genetic background to dissect effector and regulatory functions of IL-9 during infection with the parasitic nematode<jats:italic>Strongyloides ratti<\/jats:italic>. IL-9 receptor-deficient mice displayed increased intestinal parasite burden and prolonged infection irrespective of the genetic background of the mice. Increased parasite burden was correlated to a reciprocally reduced early degranulation of mucosal mast cells, reduced intestinal IL-13 expression and caused by IL-9 receptor deficiency on hematopoietic cells. We observed additional significant changes in the adaptive immune response to<jats:italic>S. ratti<\/jats:italic>infection in the absence of the IL-9 receptor that depended on the mouse strain. However, the generation of protective memory to a second infection was intact in IL-9 receptor-deficient mice, irrespective of the genetic background. In summary, our results support a central role for IL-9 as an early mast cell activating effector cytokine during intestinal helminth infection while non-redundant functions in the initiation and amplification of adaptive immune responses were not apparent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26907-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T13:27:25Z","timestamp":1527686845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Interleukin-9 promotes early mast cell-mediated expulsion of Strongyloides ratti but is dispensable for generation of protective memory"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Reitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolas","family":"R\u00fcdiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0834-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zane","family":"Orinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Luise","family":"Brunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6199-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minka","family":"Breloer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"26907_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jourdan, P. M., Lamberton, P. H. L., Fenwick, A. & Addiss, D. G. Soil-transmitted helminth infections. Lancet, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31930-X (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31930-X"},{"key":"26907_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3018","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003018","volume":"8","author":"S Puthiyakunnon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Puthiyakunnon, S. et al. Strongyloidiasis\u2013an insight into its global prevalence and management. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8, e3018, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003018 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"26907_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34261","volume":"118","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hotez, P. J. et al. Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases. J Clin Invest 118, 1311\u20131321 (2008).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"26907_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000111","volume":"144","author":"M Breloer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Breloer, M. & Abraham, D. Strongyloides infection in rodents: immune response and immune regulation. Parasitology 144, 295\u2013315 (2017).","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"26907_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000020","volume":"144","author":"M Viney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Viney, M. & Kikuchi, T. Strongyloides ratti and S. venezuelensis - rodent models of Strongyloides infection. Parasitology 144, 285\u2013294 (2017).","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"26907_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-011-8258-2","volume":"51","author":"S Bonne-Annee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bonne-Annee, S., Hess, J. A. & Abraham, D. Innate and adaptive immunity to the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis in a mouse model. Immunol Res 51, 205\u2013214 (2011).","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"26907_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.56","volume":"10","author":"M Reitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reitz, M. et al. Mucosal mast cells are indispensable for the timely termination of Strongyloides ratti infection. Mucosal Immunol 10, 481\u2013492 (2017).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"26907_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukai, K., Karasuyama, H., Kabashima, K., Kubo, M. & Galli, S. J. Differences in the Importance of Mast Cells, Basophils, IgE, and IgG versus That of CD4+ T Cells and ILC2 Cells in Primary and Secondary Immunity to Strongyloides venezuelensis. 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