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Its shortened head and other aspects of its unusual morphology have been subject of unsettled discussions since Darwin\u2019s time. Here, we examine the anatomy, cranial shape, skull biomechanics, and population genetics of the Niata. Our results show that the Niata was a viable variety of cattle and exhibited anatomical differences to known chondrodysplastic forms. In cranial shape and genetic analysis, the Niata occupies an isolated position clearly separated from other cattle. Computational biomechanical model comparison reveals that the shorter face of the Niata resulted in a restricted distribution and lower magnitude of stress during biting. Morphological and genetic data illustrate the acquisition of novelty in the domestication process and confirm the distinct nature of the Niata cattle, validating Darwin\u2019s view that it was a true breed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27384-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T09:59:34Z","timestamp":1528451974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Resurrecting Darwin\u2019s Niata - anatomical, biomechanical, genetic, and morphometric studies of morphological novelty in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kristof","family":"Veitschegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A. 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