{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T13:16:34Z","timestamp":1794489394606,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Social delphinids employ a vocal repertoire of clicks for echolocation and whistles for communication. Conversely, the less social and acoustically cryptic harbour porpoises (<jats:italic>Phocoena phocoena<\/jats:italic>) only produce narrow-band high-frequency (NBHF) clicks with properties that appear poorly suited for communication. Nevertheless, these small odontocetes likely mediate social interactions, such as mate choice and mother-calf contact, with sound. Here, we deployed six tags (DTAG3) on wild porpoises in Danish waters for a total of 96\u2009hours to investigate if the patterns and use of stereotyped NBHF click trains are consistent with a communication function. We show that wild porpoises produce frequent (up to 27 <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\bullet $$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mo>\u2219<\/mml:mo>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mrow\/>\n                    <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), high-repetition rate click series with repetition rates and output levels different from those of foraging buzzes. These sounds are produced in bouts and frequently co-occur with emission of similar sounds by nearby conspecifics, audible on the tags for &gt;10% of the time. These results suggest that social interactions are more important to this species than their limited social encounters at the surface may indicate and that these interactions are mediated by at least two broad categories of calls composed of short, high-repetition rate click trains that may encode information via the repetition rate of their stereotyped NBHF clicks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28022-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T10:12:43Z","timestamp":1529489563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Click communication in wild harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6895-5469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. M.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3599-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. M.","family":"Wisniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. H.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8424-3197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4376-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Teilmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. T.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"28022_CR1","unstructured":"Reynolds, J. E. & Rommel, S. A. Biology of Marine Mammals. (Washington D.C., London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999)."},{"key":"28022_CR2","unstructured":"Urick, R. J. Principles of underwater sound (McGraw-Hill, 1983)."},{"key":"28022_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Au, W. W. L. Sonar of Dolphins (Springer Verlag, 1993).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4356-4"},{"key":"28022_CR4","first-page":"153","volume":"3","author":"WE Schevill","year":"1956","unstructured":"Schevill, W. E. & McBride, A. F. Evidence for echolocation in cetaceans. Deep. Res. 3, 153\u2013154 (1956).","journal-title":"Deep. Res."},{"key":"28022_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tyack, P. L. & Clark, C. W. In Hearing by whales and dolphins (eds Au, W. W. L., Popper, A. N. & Fay, R. R.) 156\u2013224 (Springer Verlag, 2000).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1150-1_4"},{"key":"28022_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(98)01326-3","volume":"13","author":"RC Connor","year":"1998","unstructured":"Connor, R. C., Mann, J., Tyack, P. L. & Whitehead, H. Social evolution in toothed whales. Trends Ecol. Evol. 13, 228\u2013232 (1998).","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"28022_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.1726","volume":"280","author":"JN Bruck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bruck, J. N. Decades-long social memory in bottlenose dolphins. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 280, 1\u20136 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"28022_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.3.987","volume":"89","author":"RC Connor","year":"1992","unstructured":"Connor, R. C., Smolker, R. A. & Richards, A. F. Two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89, 987\u2013990 (1992).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"28022_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.02.019","volume":"103","author":"RC Connor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Connor, R. C. & Kr\u00fctzen, M. Male dolphin alliances in Shark Bay: Changing perspectives in a 30-year study. Anim. Behav. 103, 223\u2013235 (2015).","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"28022_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0213","volume":"367","author":"TM Freeberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freeberg, T. M., Dunbar, R. I. M. & Ord, T. J. Social complexity as a proximate and ultimate factor in communicative complexity. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 367, 1785\u2013801 (2012).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"28022_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/207434a0","volume":"207","author":"MC Caldwell","year":"1965","unstructured":"Caldwell, M. C. & Caldwell, D. K. Individualized whistle contours in bottlenosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Nature 207, 434\u2013435 (1965).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"28022_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0961","volume":"57","author":"LS Sayigh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sayigh, L. S. et al. Individual recognition in wild bottlenose dolphins: a field test using playbacks experiments. Anim. Behav. 57, 41\u201350 (1998).","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"28022_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0881","volume":"56","author":"VM Janik","year":"1998","unstructured":"Janik, V. M. & Slater, P. J. B. Context-specific use suggests that bottlenose dolphin signature whistles are cohesion calls. Anim. Behav. 56, 829\u2013838 (1998).","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"28022_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00170254","volume":"33","author":"RA Smolker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Smolker, R. A., Mann, J. & Smuts, B. B. Use of signature whistles during separations and reunions by wild bottlenose dolphin mothers and infants. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 33, 393\u2013402 (1993).","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"28022_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2016.03.005","volume":"126","author":"SL King","year":"2016","unstructured":"King, S. L., Guarino, E., Keaton, L., Erb, L. & Jaakkola, K. Maternal signature whistle use aids mother-calf reunions in a bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Behav. Processes 126, 64\u201370 (2016).","journal-title":"Behav. Processes"},{"key":"28022_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13216","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1304459110","volume":"110","author":"SL King","year":"2013","unstructured":"King, S. L. & Janik, V. M. Bottlenose dolphins can use learned vocal labels to address each other. PNAS 110, 13216\u201313221 (2013).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"28022_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/09524622.2005.9753547","volume":"15","author":"PT Madsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Madsen, P. T., Carder, D. A., Beedholm, K. & Ridgway, S. H. Porpoise Clicks From a Sperm Whale Nose\u2014Convergent Evolution of 130 kHz Pulses in Toothed Whale Sonars? Bioacoustics 15, 195\u2013206 (2005).","journal-title":"Bioacoustics"},{"key":"28022_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4710837","volume":"131","author":"ML Melco\u0301n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Melco\u0301n, M. L., Failla, M. & In\u0303i\u0301guez, M. A. Echolocation behavior of franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) in the wild. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 448\u2013453 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"28022_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3075600","volume":"125","author":"LA Kyhn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kyhn, L. A. et al. Feeding at a high pitch: Source parameters of narrow band, high-frequency clicks from echolocating off-shore hourglass dolphins and coastal Hector\u2019s dolphins. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125, 1783\u20131791 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"28022_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.042440","volume":"213","author":"LA Kyhn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kyhn, L. A. et al. Echolocation in sympatric Peale\u2019s dolphins (Lagenorhynchus australis) and Commerson\u2019s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) producing narrow-band high-frequency clicks. J. Exp. Biol. 213, 1940\u20131949 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"28022_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyhn, L. A. et al. Clicking in a Killer Whale Habitat: Narrow-Band, High-Frequency Biosonar Clicks of Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and Dall\u2019s Porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli). PLoS One 8 (2013).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063763"},{"key":"28022_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1121\/1.427121","volume":"106","author":"MD Szymanski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Szymanski, M. D. et al. Killer whale (Orcinus orca) hearing: auditory brainstem response and behavioral audiograms. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 1134\u20131141 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"28022_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4979116","volume":"141","author":"BK Branstetter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Branstetter, B. K. et al. Killer whale (Orcinus orca) behavioral audiograms. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141, 2387 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"28022_CR24","first-page":"56","volume":"4","author":"SH Andersen","year":"1976","unstructured":"Andersen, S. H. & Amundin, M. Possible predator-related adaption of sound production and hearing in the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Aquat. Mamm. 4, 56\u201357 (1976).","journal-title":"Aquat. Mamm."},{"key":"28022_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2007.01336.x","volume":"20","author":"T Morisaka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morisaka, T. & Connor, R. C. Predation by killer whales (Orcinus orca) and the evolution of whistle loss and narrow-band high frequency clicks in odontocetes. J. Evol. Biol. 20, 1439\u20131458 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"28022_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0414","volume":"265","author":"IA Patterson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Patterson, I. A. et al. Evidence for infanticide in bottlenose dolphins: an explanation for violent interactions with harbour porpoises? Proc. R. Soc. B 265, 1167\u201370 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"28022_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2011.00474.x","volume":"28","author":"MP Cotter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cotter, M. P., Maldini, D. & Jefferson, T. A. \u2018Porpicide\u2019 in California: Killing of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) by coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Mar. Mammal Sci. 28, 1\u201315 (2012).","journal-title":"Mar. Mammal Sci."},{"key":"28022_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09524622.2011.9753630","volume":"20","author":"KT Clausen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clausen, K. T., Wahlberg, M., Beedholm, K., Deruiter, S. & Madsen, P. T. Click communication in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). Bioacoustics 20, 1\u201328 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioacoustics"},{"key":"28022_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1991.tb00281.x","volume":"88","author":"SMC Dawson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dawson, S. M. C. and Communication: The behavioural and social contexts of Hector\u2019s Dolphin vocalisations. Ethology 88, 265\u2013276 (1991).","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"28022_CR30","first-page":"91","volume":"49","author":"K Nakamura","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nakamura, K., Akamatsu, T. & Shimazaki, K. Threat clicks of captive harbor porpoises, Phocoena phocoena. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 49, 91\u2013105 (1998).","journal-title":"Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ."},{"key":"28022_CR31","unstructured":"Amundin, M. Sound production in Odontocetes with emphasis on the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) (University of Stockholm, 1991)."},{"key":"28022_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.03.069","volume":"26","author":"DMM Wisniewska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wisniewska, D. M. M. et al. Ultra-High Foraging Rates of Harbor Porpoises Make Them Vulnerable to Anthropogenic Disturbance. Curr. Biol. 26, 1441\u20131446 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"28022_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031619","volume":"76","author":"JL Fleiss","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fleiss, J. L. Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychol. Bull. 76, 378\u2013382 (1971).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"28022_CR34","first-page":"181","volume":"208","author":"PT Madsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Madsen, P. T., Johnson, M., Soto, N. A. De, Zimmer, W. M. X. & Tyack, P. Biosonar performance of foraging beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris). J. Evol. Biol. 208, 181\u2013194 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"28022_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2013.04.010","volume":"164","author":"PS Hammond","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hammond, P. S. et al. Cetacean abundance and distribution in European Atlantic shelf waters to inform conservation and management. Biol. Conserv. 164, 107\u2013122 (2013).","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"28022_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1480835","volume":"112","author":"RA Kastelein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kastelein, R. A., Bunskoek, P., Hagedoorn, M., Au, W. W. L. & de Haan, D. Audiogram of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) measured with narrow-band frequency-modulated signals. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 334\u2013344 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"28022_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3662067","volume":"131","author":"FH Jensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jensen, F. H., Beedholm, K., Wahlberg, M., Bejder, L. & Madsen, P. T. Estimated communication range and energetic cost of bottlenose dolphin whistles in a tropical habitat. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 582\u2013592 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"28022_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.05651","volume":"4","author":"DM Wisniewska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wisniewska, D. M. et al. Range-dependent flexibility in the acoustic field of view of echolocating porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). Elife 4, 1\u201316 (2015).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"28022_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3683254","volume":"131","author":"JC Koblitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koblitz, J. C. et al. Asymmetry and dynamics of a narrow sonar beam in an echolocating harbor porpoise. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 2315\u20132324 (2012).","journal-title":"Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"28022_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.022137","volume":"212","author":"UK Verfuss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verfuss, U. K., Miller, L. A., Pilz, P. K. D. & Schnitzler, H.-U. Echolocation by two foraging harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). J. Exp. Biol. 212, 823\u2013834 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"28022_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.030825","volume":"212","author":"SL Deruiter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deruiter, S. L. et al. Acoustic behaviour of echolocating porpoises during prey capture. J. Exp. Biol. 212, 3100\u20133107 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"28022_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2004.08.019","volume":"69","author":"SL Watwood","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watwood, S. L., Owen, E. C. G., Tyack, P. L. & Wells, R. S. Signature whistle use by temporarily restrained and free-swimming bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Anim. Behav. 69, 1373\u20131386 (2004).","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"28022_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-012-0772-8","volume":"199","author":"M Linnenschmidt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Linnenschmidt, M., Wahlberg, M. & Damsgaard Hansen, J. The modulation rate transfer function of a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). J. Comp. Physiol. A Neuroethol. Sensory, Neural, Behav. Physiol. 199, 115\u2013126 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A Neuroethol. Sensory, Neural, Behav. Physiol."},{"key":"28022_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8293","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509918103","volume":"103","author":"VM Janik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Janik, V. M., Sayigh, L. S. & Wells, R. S. Signature whistle shape conveys identity information to bottlenose dolphins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 8293\u20137 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"28022_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2015.0403","volume":"11","author":"SL King","year":"2015","unstructured":"King, S. L. You talkin\u2019 to me? Interactive playback is a powerful yet underused tool in animal communication research. Biol. Lett. 11, 1\u20135 (2015).","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"28022_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2002.808212","volume":"28","author":"M Johnson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Johnson, M. & Tyack, P. L. A Digital Acoustic Recording Tag for Measuring the Response of Wild Marine Mammals to Sound. IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 28, 3\u201312 (2003).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"28022_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08255","volume":"395","author":"M Johnson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johnson, M., Aguilar De Soto, N. & Madsen, P. T. Studying the behaviour and sensory ecology of marine mammals using acoustic recording tags: A review. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 395, 55\u201373 (2009).","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"28022_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2945154","volume":"124","author":"M Hansen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hansen, M., Wahlberg, M. & Madsen, P. T. Low-frequency components in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) clicks: communication signal, by-products, or artifacts? J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124, 4059\u20134068 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"28022_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.044420","volume":"213","author":"PT Madsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Madsen, P. T., Wisniewska, D. M. & Beedholm, K. Single source sound production and dynamic beam formation in echolocating harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). J. Exp. Biol. 213, 3105\u20133110 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"28022_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S383","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2004.0208","volume":"271","author":"M Johnson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johnson, M., Madsen, P. T., Zimmer, W. M. X., Aguilar de Soto, N. & Tyack, P. L. Beaked whales echolocate on prey. Proc. R. Soc. London. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 271, S383\u2013S386 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"28022_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.100016","volume":"217","author":"KS Ydesen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ydesen, K. S. et al. What a jerk: prey engulfment revealed by high-rate, super-cranial accelerometry on a harbour seal (Phoca vitulina). J. Exp. Biol. 217, 2239\u20132243 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"28022_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2007.04.020","volume":"54","author":"PT Madsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Madsen, P. T. & Wahlberg, M. Recording and quantification of ultrasonic echolocation clicks from free-ranging toothed whales. Deep. Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 54, 1421\u20131444 (2007).","journal-title":"Deep. Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap."},{"key":"28022_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2009.09.011","volume":"31","author":"AK Jain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jain, A. K. Data clustering: 50 years beyond K-means. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 31, 651\u2013666 (2010).","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"28022_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.144295","volume":"219","author":"P Arranz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arranz, P. et al. Discrimination of fast click series produced by tagged Risso\u2019s dolphins (Grampus griseus) for echolocation or communication. J. Exp. Biol. 219, 2898\u20132907 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"28022_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cover, T. M. & Thomas, J. A. Elements of information theory (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991).","DOI":"10.1002\/0471200611"},{"key":"28022_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9601(93)90827-M","volume":"175","author":"M Palus","year":"1993","unstructured":"Palus, M., Albrecht, V. & Dvor\u00e1k, I. Information theoretic test for nonlinearity in time series. Physic Lett. A 175, 203\u2013209 (1993).","journal-title":"Physic Lett. A"},{"key":"28022_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.06.016","volume":"76","author":"SLD Deruiter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deruiter, S. L. D. & Solow, A. R. A rotation test for behavioural point-process data. Anim. Behav. 76, 1429\u20131434 (2008).","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-28022-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-28022-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-28022-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T06:48:40Z","timestamp":1671605320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-28022-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["28022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-28022-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"9702"}}