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The diversity of Pcdhs and resulting highly-specific neuronal adhesion may be required for the formation of neural circuits for executing higher brain functions. However, this hypothesis remains to be tested, because knockout of <jats:italic>Pcdh<\/jats:italic> genes produces abnormalities that may interfere with higher brain functions indirectly. In <jats:italic>Pcdh-\u03b11<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>12<\/jats:italic> mice, only \u03b11, \u03b112 and two constitutive isoforms are expressed out of 14 isoforms. The appearance and behavior of <jats:italic>Pcdh-\u03b11<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>12<\/jats:italic> mice are similar to those of wild-type mice, and most abnormalities reported in <jats:italic>Pcdh-\u03b1<\/jats:italic> knockout mice are not present in <jats:italic>Pcdh-\u03b11<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>12<\/jats:italic> mice. We examined <jats:italic>Pcdh-\u03b11<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>12<\/jats:italic> mice in detail, and found that cortical depression induced by sensory mismatches between vision and whisker sensation in the visual cortex was impaired. Since Pcdh-\u03b1 is densely distributed over the cerebral cortex, various types of higher function are likely impaired in <jats:italic>Pcdh-\u03b11<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>12<\/jats:italic> mice. As expected, visual short-term memory of space\/shape was impaired in behavioral experiments using space\/shape cues. Furthermore, behavioral learning based on audio-visual associative memory was also impaired. These results indicate that the molecular diversity of Pcdh-\u03b1 plays essential roles for sensory integration and short-term memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28034-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T10:04:23Z","timestamp":1529402663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Molecular diversity of clustered protocadherin-\u03b1 required for sensory integration and short-term memory in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Yoshitake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Kamatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8511-7256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Tsukano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Hishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sugata","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arata","family":"Horii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuei","family":"Shibuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"28034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2016.00040","volume":"7","author":"C Leung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leung, C. & Jia, Z. 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