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Wallerian degeneration (WD) is critical for nerve degeneration and regeneration, but the mechanisms of WD are still elusive. Here, we report the effect of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on cultured Schwann cells (SCs) <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The data showed that TLR4 expression was up-regulated after sciatic nerve injury of rat. TLR4 was expressed in cultured SCs. Enhanced or silenced expression of TLR4 affected SC proliferation, migration, apoptosis and relative gene expression. Furthermore, altered expression of TLR4 resulted in expression changes in c-Jun, ERK and catenin but not AKT and c-Fos pathways in SCs. These results suggested that TLR4 may be an important effective target in peripheral nerve degeneration and\/or regeneration during WD in future investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28516-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T08:55:05Z","timestamp":1531990505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Expression Affects Schwann Cell Behavior in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunwang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengbing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"28516_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23704","volume":"94","author":"CL Ghergherehchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghergherehchi, C. 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