{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:07:01Z","timestamp":1790788021544,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01HL114470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HL114470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL128502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL128502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01HL114470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HL114470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005640","name":"Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAMRI YCSA 2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAMRI YCSA 2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005640","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease process involving the conductive airways of the human lung. The dysregulated inflammatory response in this disease process may involve multiple cell-cell interactions mediated by signaling molecules, including lipid mediators. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane particles that are now recognized as critical mediators of cell-cell communication. Here, we compared the lipid composition and presence of specific lipid mediators in airway EVs purified from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of healthy controls and asthmatic subjects with and without second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure. Airway exosome concentrations were increased in asthmatics, and correlated with blood eosinophilia and serum IgE levels. Frequencies of HLA-DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD54<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>exosomes were also significantly higher in asthmatics. Lipidomics analysis revealed that phosphatidylglycerol, ceramide-phosphates, and ceramides were significantly reduced in exosomes from asthmatics compared to the non-exposed control groups. Sphingomyelin 34:1 was more abundant in exosomes of SHS-exposed asthmatics compared to healthy controls. Our results suggest that chronic airway inflammation may be driven by alterations in the composition of lipid mediators within airway EVs of human subjects with asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28655-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T13:33:11Z","timestamp":1530624791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Unique Lipid Signatures of Extracellular Vesicles from the Airways of Asthmatics"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kenneth P.","family":"Hough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landon S.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Trevor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Strenkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Njeri","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion L.","family":"Spell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diptiman","family":"Chanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Rodriguez","family":"Dager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmal S.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Curtiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veena B.","family":"Antony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark T.","family":"Dransfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1354-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David D.","family":"Chaplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6837-1674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeevan K.","family":"Prasain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor J.","family":"Thannickal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessy S.","family":"Deshane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"28655_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.x","volume":"59","author":"M Masoli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Masoli, M., Fabian, D., Holt, S. & Beasley, R., Global Initiative for Asthma, P. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy 59, 469\u2013478, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.x (2004).","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"28655_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61452-X","volume":"372","author":"GP Anderson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anderson, G. P. Endotyping asthma: new insights into key pathogenic mechanisms in a complex, heterogeneous disease. Lancet 372, 1107\u20131119, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61452-X (2008).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"28655_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2254","volume":"8","author":"PJ Barnes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barnes, P. J. Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nat Rev Immunol 8, 183\u2013192, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri2254 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36130","volume":"118","author":"PJ Barnes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barnes, P. J. The cytokine network in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Invest 118, 3546\u20133556, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI36130 (2008).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"28655_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2275","volume":"8","author":"H Hammad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hammad, H. & Lambrecht, B. N. Dendritic cells and epithelial cells: linking innate and adaptive immunity in asthma. Nat Rev Immunol 8, 193\u2013204, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri2275 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090312","volume":"26","author":"BD Medoff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Medoff, B. D., Thomas, S. Y. & Luster, A. D. T cell trafficking in allergic asthma: the ins and outs. Annual review of immunology 26, 205\u2013232, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090312 (2008).","journal-title":"Annual review of immunology"},{"key":"28655_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00039004","volume":"24","author":"NC Thomson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomson, N. C., Chaudhuri, R. & Livingston, E. Asthma and cigarette smoking. Eur Respir J 24, 822\u2013833, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.04.00039004 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"28655_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.2.1169","volume":"180","author":"E Doz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Doz, E. et al. Cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation is TLR4\/MyD88 and IL-1R1\/MyD88 signaling dependent. J Immunol 180, 1169\u20131178 (2008).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-016-0628-3","volume":"16","author":"E Schauberger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schauberger, E., Peinhaupt, M., Cazares, T. & Lindsley, A. W. Lipid Mediators of Allergic Disease: Pathways, Treatments, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 16, 48, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11882-016-0628-3 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"28655_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02210.x","volume":"116","author":"M Kato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kato, M. et al. An atypical protein kinase C, PKC zeta, regulates human eosinophil effector functions. Immunology 116, 193\u2013202, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02210.x (2005).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"28655_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.01.056","volume":"125","author":"N Kajiwara","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kajiwara, N. et al. Activation of human mast cells through the platelet-activating factor receptor. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125, 1137\u20131145 e1136, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.01.056 (2010).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/249581a0","volume":"249","author":"J Benveniste","year":"1974","unstructured":"Benveniste, J. Platelet-activating factor, a new mediator of anaphylaxis and immune complex deposition from rabbit and human basophils. Nature 249, 581\u2013582 (1974).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"28655_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1438","volume":"4","author":"AD Luster","year":"2004","unstructured":"Luster, A. D. & Tager, A. M. T-cell trafficking in asthma: lipid mediators grease the way. Nat Rev Immunol 4, 711\u2013724, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri1438 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5460.2013","volume":"287","author":"T Matsuoka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matsuoka, T. et al. Prostaglandin D2 as a mediator of allergic asthma. Science 287, 2013\u20132017 (2000).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"28655_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2010.512690","volume":"47","author":"A Bikov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bikov, A. et al. Exercise increases exhaled breath condensate cysteinyl leukotriene concentration in asthmatic patients. J Asthma 47, 1057\u20131062, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02770903.2010.512690 (2010).","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"28655_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663802","volume":"152","author":"SE Wenzel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wenzel, S. E. et al. Effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibition on bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation in nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152, 897\u2013905, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663802 (1995).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"28655_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.2003.006825","volume":"59","author":"SA Green","year":"2004","unstructured":"Green, S. A., Malice, M. P., Tanaka, W., Tozzi, C. A. & Reiss, T. F. Increase in urinary leukotriene LTE4 levels in acute asthma: correlation with airflow limitation. Thorax 59, 100\u2013104 (2004).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"28655_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3061792","volume":"3","author":"P Montuschi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Montuschi, P. Role of Leukotrienes and Leukotriene Modifiers in Asthma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 3, 1792\u20131811, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph3061792 (2010).","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"28655_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Higham, A. et al. Leukotriene B4 levels in sputum from asthma patients. ERJ Open Res 2 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00088-2015 (2016).","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00088-2015"},{"key":"28655_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-015-0025-3","volume":"2","author":"JG Ono","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ono, J. G., Worgall, T. S. & Worgall, S. Airway reactivity and sphingolipids-implications for childhood asthma. Mol Cell Pediatr 2, 13, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40348-015-0025-3 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"28655_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601478","volume":"56","author":"PC Calder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Calder, P. C. & Grimble, R. F. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity. Eur J Clin Nutr 56(Suppl 3), S14\u201319, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601478 (2002).","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"28655_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-3278(03)00070-X","volume":"69","author":"M Peters-Golden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peters-Golden, M. & Brock, T. G. 5-lipoxygenase and FLAP. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 69, 99\u2013109 (2003).","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"28655_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.5.2277","volume":"164","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tanaka, K. et al. Cutting edge: differential production of prostaglandin D2 by human helper T cell subsets. J Immunol 164, 2277\u20132280 (2000).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.9.2982","volume":"143","author":"Y Urade","year":"1989","unstructured":"Urade, Y., Ujihara, M., Horiguchi, Y., Ikai, K. & Hayaishi, O. The major source of endogenous prostaglandin D2 production is likely antigen-presenting cells. Localization of glutathione-requiring prostaglandin D synthetase in histiocytes, dendritic, and Kupffer cells in various rat tissues. J Immunol 143, 2982\u20132989 (1989).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20022218","volume":"198","author":"K Honda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Honda, K. et al. Prostaglandin D2 reinforces Th2 type inflammatory responses of airways to low-dose antigen through bronchial expression of macrophage-derived chemokine. J Exp Med 198, 533\u2013543, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20022218 (2003).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"28655_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.05.011","volume":"115","author":"CA Oskeritzian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oskeritzian, C. A., Milstien, S. & Spiegel, S. Sphingosine-1-phosphate in allergic responses, asthma and anaphylaxis. Pharmacol Ther 115, 390\u2013399, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.05.011 (2007).","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"28655_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0742fje","volume":"15","author":"AJ Ammit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ammit, A. J. et al. Sphingosine 1-phosphate modulates human airway smooth muscle cell functions that promote inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 15, 1212\u20131214 (2001).","journal-title":"FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology"},{"key":"28655_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4605","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02637","volume":"118","author":"CE Chalfant","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chalfant, C. E. & Spiegel, S. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and ceramide 1-phosphate: expanding roles in cell signaling. J Cell Sci 118, 4605\u20134612, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.02637 (2005).","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"28655_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0910fje","volume":"18","author":"MH Graler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graler, M. H. & Goetzl, E. J. The immunosuppressant FTY720 down-regulates sphingosine 1-phosphate G-protein-coupled receptors. FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 18, 551\u2013553, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.03-0910fje (2004).","journal-title":"FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology"},{"key":"28655_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16394","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603734103","volume":"103","author":"P Mitra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mitra, P. et al. Role of ABCC1 in export of sphingosine-1-phosphate from mast cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 16394\u201316399, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0603734103 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"28655_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02284","volume":"427","author":"M Matloubian","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matloubian, M. et al. Lymphocyte egress from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs is dependent on S1P receptor 1. Nature 427, 355\u2013360, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature02284 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"28655_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1205-1215","volume":"6","author":"K Ley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ley, K. & Morris, M. Signals for lymphocyte egress. Nat Immunol 6, 1215\u20131216, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni1205-1215 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0274OC","volume":"38","author":"TR Medler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Medler, T. R. et al. Apoptotic sphingolipid signaling by ceramides in lung endothelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 38, 639\u2013646, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0274OC (2008).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"28655_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200804-595SO","volume":"178","author":"S Uhlig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Uhlig, S. & Gulbins, E. Sphingolipids in the lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178, 1100\u20131114, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200804-595SO (2008).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"28655_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1103","volume":"4","author":"S Spiegel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spiegel, S. & Milstien, S. Sphingosine-1-phosphate: an enigmatic signalling lipid. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4, 397\u2013407, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm1103 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"28655_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/381800a0","volume":"381","author":"O Cuvillier","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cuvillier, O. et al. Suppression of ceramide-mediated programmed cell death by sphingosine-1-phosphate. Nature 381, 800\u2013803, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/381800a0 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"28655_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hough, K. P., Chanda, D., Duncan, S. R., Thannickal, V. J. & Deshane, J. S. Exosomes in Immunoregulation of Chronic Lung Diseases. Allergy https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.13086 (2016).","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13086"},{"key":"28655_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01600.x","volume":"63","author":"C Admyre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Admyre, C. et al. Exosomes - nanovesicles with possible roles in allergic inflammation. Allergy 63, 404\u2013408, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01600.x (2008).","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"1032-1040","key":"28655_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040 e1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.06.039","volume":"126","author":"J Esser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Esser, J. et al. Exosomes from human macrophages and dendritic cells contain enzymes for leukotriene biosynthesis and promote granulocyte migration. J Allergy Clin Immunol 126(1032\u20131040), 1040 e1031\u20131034, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.06.039 (2010).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.07.004","volume":"21","author":"Y Fujita","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fujita, Y., Kosaka, N., Araya, J., Kuwano, K. & Ochiya, T. Extracellular vesicles in lung microenvironment and pathogenesis. Trends in molecular medicine 21, 533\u2013542, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.07.004 (2015).","journal-title":"Trends in molecular medicine"},{"key":"28655_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28388","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.28388","volume":"4","author":"Y Fujita","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fujita, Y. et al. Suppression of autophagy by extracellular vesicles promotes myofibroblast differentiation in COPD pathogenesis. Journal of extracellular vesicles 4, 28388, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/jev.v4.28388 (2015).","journal-title":"Journal of extracellular vesicles"},{"key":"28655_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1361","volume":"12","author":"NM Weathington","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weathington, N. M. et al. A novel peptide CXCR ligand derived from extracellular matrix degradation during airway inflammation. Nat Med 12, 317\u2013323, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm1361 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"28655_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2017.00039","volume":"5","author":"CJE Wahlund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wahlund, C. J. E., Eklund, A., Grunewald, J. & Gabrielsson, S. Pulmonary Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Local and Systemic Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 5, 39, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2017.00039 (2017).","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"28655_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nri855","volume":"2","author":"C Thery","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thery, C., Zitvogel, L. & Amigorena, S. Exosomes: composition, biogenesis and function. Nat Rev Immunol 2, 569\u2013579, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri855 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.97.2.329","volume":"97","author":"C Harding","year":"1983","unstructured":"Harding, C., Heuser, J. & Stahl, P. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin and recycling of the transferrin receptor in rat reticulocytes. J Cell Biol 97, 329\u2013339 (1983).","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"28655_CR46","first-page":"256","volume":"35","author":"C Harding","year":"1984","unstructured":"Harding, C., Heuser, J. & Stahl, P. Endocytosis and intracellular processing of transferrin and colloidal gold-transferrin in rat reticulocytes: demonstration of a pathway for receptor shedding. Eur J Cell Biol 35, 256\u2013263 (1984).","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"28655_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.101.3.942","volume":"101","author":"BT Pan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pan, B. T., Teng, K., Wu, C., Adam, M. & Johnstone, R. M. Electron microscopic evidence for externalization of the transferrin receptor in vesicular form in sheep reticulocytes. J Cell Biol 101, 942\u2013948 (1985).","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"28655_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20121","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.32.20121","volume":"273","author":"JM Escola","year":"1998","unstructured":"Escola, J. M. et al. Selective enrichment of tetraspan proteins on the internal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes and on exosomes secreted by human B-lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 273, 20121\u201320127 (1998).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"28655_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.3.1161","volume":"183","author":"G Raposo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Raposo, G. et al. B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles. J Exp Med 183, 1161\u20131172 (1996).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"28655_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00041703","volume":"22","author":"C Admyre","year":"2003","unstructured":"Admyre, C. et al. Exosomes with major histocompatibility complex class II and co-stimulatory molecules are present in human BAL fluid. Eur Respir J 22, 578\u2013583 (2003).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"28655_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(03)00128-7","volume":"89","author":"S Utsugi-Kobukai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Utsugi-Kobukai, S., Fujimaki, H., Hotta, C., Nakazawa, M. & Minami, M. MHC class I-mediated exogenous antigen presentation by exosomes secreted from immature and mature bone marrow derived dendritic cells. Immunol Lett 89, 125\u2013131 (2003).","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"28655_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02835.x","volume":"67","author":"P Torregrosa Paredes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Torregrosa Paredes, P. et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exosomes contribute to cytokine and leukotriene production in allergic asthma. Allergy 67, 911\u2013919, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02835.x (2012).","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"28655_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M063412","volume":"57","author":"E Kakazu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kakazu, E., Mauer, A. S., Yin, M. & Malhi, H. Hepatocytes release ceramide-enriched pro-inflammatory extracellular vesicles in an IRE1alpha-dependent manner. Journal of lipid research 57, 233\u2013245, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M063412 (2016).","journal-title":"Journal of lipid research"},{"key":"28655_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3622","volume":"14","author":"PD Robbins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robbins, P. D. & Morelli, A. E. Regulation of immune responses by extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Immunol 14, 195\u2013208, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri3622 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201211138","volume":"200","author":"G Raposo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raposo, G. & Stoorvogel, W. Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and friends. J Cell Biol 200, 373\u2013383, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.201211138 (2013).","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"28655_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5338","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14035338","volume":"14","author":"C Corrado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corrado, C. et al. Exosomes as intercellular signaling organelles involved in health and disease: basic science and clinical applications. Int J Mol Sci 14, 5338\u20135366, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms14035338 (2013).","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"28655_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.11.039","volume":"131","author":"B Levanen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Levanen, B. et al. Altered microRNA profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exosomes in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131, 894\u2013903, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.11.039 (2013).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M066910","volume":"57","author":"A Lukic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lukic, A. et al. Pulmonary epithelial cancer cells and their exosomes metabolize myeloid cell-derived leukotriene C4 to leukotriene D4. Journal of lipid research 57, 1659\u20131669, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M066910 (2016).","journal-title":"Journal of lipid research"},{"issue":"Pt 19","key":"28655_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.19.3365","volume":"113","author":"K Denzer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Denzer, K., Kleijmeer, M. J., Heijnen, H. F., Stoorvogel, W. & Geuze, H. J. Exosome: from internal vesicle of the multivesicular body to intercellular signaling device. J Cell Sci 113(Pt 19), 3365\u20133374 (2000).","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"28655_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32570","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v5.32570","volume":"5","author":"RA Haraszti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haraszti, R. A. et al. High-resolution proteomic and lipidomic analysis of exosomes and microvesicles from different cell sources. Journal of extracellular vesicles 5, 32570, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/jev.v5.32570 (2016).","journal-title":"Journal of extracellular vesicles"},{"key":"28655_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119385","volume":"99","author":"OP Barry","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barry, O. P., Pratico, D., Lawson, J. A. & FitzGerald, G. A. Transcellular activation of platelets and endothelial cells by bioactive lipids in platelet microparticles. J Clin Invest 99, 2118\u20132127, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI119385 (1997).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"28655_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08505","volume":"5","author":"S Yamamoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamamoto, S. et al. Inflammation-induced endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the cellular status of pericytes. Sci Rep 5, 8505, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep08505 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"28655_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0642-6","volume":"13","author":"D Ti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ti, D. et al. LPS-preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cells modify macrophage polarization for resolution of chronic inflammation via exosome-shuttled let-7b. J Transl Med 13, 308, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-015-0642-6 (2015).","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"28655_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2013.10.004","volume":"1841","author":"M Record","year":"2014","unstructured":"Record, M., Carayon, K., Poirot, M. & Silvente-Poirot, S. Exosomes as new vesicular lipid transporters involved in cell-cell communication and various pathophysiologies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1841, 108\u2013120, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbalip.2013.10.004 (2014).","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"28655_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M070664","volume":"57","author":"M Podbielska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Podbielska, M. et al. Cytokine-induced release of ceramide-enriched exosomes as a mediator of cell death signaling in an oligodendroglioma cell line. Journal of lipid research 57, 2028\u20132039, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M070664 (2016).","journal-title":"Journal of lipid research"},{"key":"28655_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153124","volume":"319","author":"K Trajkovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Trajkovic, K. et al. Ceramide triggers budding of exosome vesicles into multivesicular endosomes. Science 319, 1244\u20131247, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1153124 (2008).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"28655_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.11.018","volume":"125","author":"X Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Genome-wide association study of asthma identifies RAD50-IL13 and HLA-DR\/DQ regions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125, 328\u2013335 e311, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.11.018 (2010).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.3.689","volume":"148","author":"AM Vignola","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vignola, A. M. et al. HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression on bronchial epithelial cells in asthma and chronic bronchitis. The American review of respiratory disease 148, 689\u2013694, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.3.689 (1993).","journal-title":"The American review of respiratory disease"},{"issue":"1194\u20131203","key":"28655_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203 e1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.12.1565","volume":"131","author":"A Kulshreshtha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kulshreshtha, A., Ahmad, T., Agrawal, A. & Ghosh, B. Proinflammatory role of epithelial cell-derived exosomes in allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131(1194\u20131203), 1203 e1191\u20131114, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.12.1565 (2013).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00138707","volume":"31","author":"ED Bateman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bateman, E. D. et al. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: GINA executive summary. Eur Respir J 31, 143\u2013178, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00138707 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"28655_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02297.x","volume":"103","author":"MJ Jarvis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jarvis, M. J., Fidler, J., Mindell, J., Feyerabend, C. & West, R. Assessing smoking status in children, adolescents and adults: cotinine cut-points revisited. Addiction 103, 1553\u20131561, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02297.x (2008).","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"28655_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024672522802","volume":"18","author":"F Seccareccia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seccareccia, F. et al. Serum cotinine as a marker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in epidemiological studies: the experience of the MATISS project. Eur J Epidemiol 18, 487\u2013492 (2003).","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"28655_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.040","volume":"135","author":"JS Deshane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deshane, J. S. et al. Subsets of airway myeloid-derived regulatory cells distinguish mild asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 135, 413\u2013424 e415, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.040 (2015).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.015","volume":"50","author":"JT Anderson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anderson, J. T. et al. Elevated levels of NO are localized to distal airways in asthma. Free Radic Biol Med 50, 1679\u20131688, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.015 (2011).","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"Unit3","key":"28655_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/0471143030.cb0322s30","volume":"Chapter 3","author":"C Thery","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thery, C., Amigorena, S., Raposo, G. & Clayton, A. Isolation and characterization of exosomes from cell culture supernatants and biological fluids. Curr Protoc Cell Biol Chapter 3(Unit3), 22, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/0471143030.cb0322s30 (2006).","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Cell Biol"},{"key":"28655_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7309","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7309","volume":"166","author":"C Thery","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thery, C. et al. Proteomic analysis of dendritic cell-derived exosomes: a secreted subcellular compartment distinct from apoptotic vesicles. J Immunol 166, 7309\u20137318 (2001).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32566-9","volume":"39","author":"D Calvo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Calvo, D., Gomez-Coronado, D., Suarez, Y., Lasuncion, M. A. & Vega, M. A. Human CD36 is a high affinity receptor for the native lipoproteins HDL, LDL, and VLDL. Journal of lipid research 39, 777\u2013788 (1998).","journal-title":"Journal of lipid research"},{"key":"28655_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81129","volume":"126","author":"R Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu, R., Greening, D. W., Zhu, H. J., Takahashi, N. & Simpson, R. J. Extracellular vesicle isolation and characterization: toward clinical application. J Clin Invest 126, 1152\u20131162, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI81129 (2016).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"28655_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26913","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v3.26913","volume":"3","author":"J Lotvall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lotvall, J. et al. Minimal experimental requirements for definition of extracellular vesicles and their functions: a position statement from the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. Journal of extracellular vesicles 3, 26913, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/jev.v3.26913 (2014).","journal-title":"Journal of extracellular vesicles"},{"key":"28655_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03406-3","volume":"531","author":"B Ramstedt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ramstedt, B. & Slotte, J. P. Membrane properties of sphingomyelins. FEBS Lett 531, 33\u201337 (2002).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"28655_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4157(98)00019-7","volume":"1376","author":"A Rietveld","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rietveld, A. & Simons, K. The differential miscibility of lipids as the basis for the formation of functional membrane rafts. Biochim Biophys Acta 1376, 467\u2013479 (1998).","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"28655_CR82","first-page":"1","volume":"53","author":"RJ King","year":"1982","unstructured":"King, R. J. Pulmonary surfactant. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 53, 1\u20138 (1982).","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"28655_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080014","volume":"45","author":"K Baudiss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baudiss, K. et al. Ceramide-1-phosphate inhibits cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation. Eur Respir J 45, 1669\u20131680, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00080014 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"28655_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487508","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/487508","volume":"2015","author":"R Ghidoni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghidoni, R., Caretti, A. & Signorelli, P. Role of Sphingolipids in the Pathobiology of Lung Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015, 487508, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/487508 (2015).","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"28655_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.10.002","volume":"24","author":"B Chaurasia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaurasia, B. et al. Adipocyte Ceramides Regulate Subcutaneous Adipose Browning, Inflammation, and Metabolism. Cell Metab 24, 820\u2013834, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.10.002 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"28655_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465811406772","volume":"5","author":"Y Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang, Y. & Uhlig, S. The role of sphingolipids in respiratory disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis 5, 325\u2013344, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1753465811406772 (2011).","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"28655_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105221","volume":"78","author":"I Petrache","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petrache, I. & Berdyshev, E. V. Ceramide Signaling and Metabolism in Pathophysiological States of the Lung. Annu Rev Physiol 78, 463\u2013480, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105221 (2016).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"28655_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1238","volume":"11","author":"I Petrache","year":"2005","unstructured":"Petrache, I. et al. Ceramide upregulation causes pulmonary cell apoptosis and emphysema-like disease in mice. Nat Med 11, 491\u2013498, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm1238 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"28655_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(91)90251-I","volume":"88","author":"C Walker","year":"1991","unstructured":"Walker, C., Kaegi, M. K., Braun, P. & Blaser, K. Activated T cells and eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavages from subjects with asthma correlated with disease severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 88, 935\u2013942 (1991).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(00)75004-8","volume":"75","author":"J Pieters","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pieters, J. MHC class II-restricted antigen processing and presentation. Adv Immunol 75, 159\u2013208 (2000).","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1489","volume":"179","author":"E Segura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Segura, E., Guerin, C., Hogg, N., Amigorena, S. & Thery, C. CD8\u2009+\u2009dendritic cells use LFA-1 to capture MHC-peptide complexes from exosomes in vivo. J Immunol 179, 1489\u20131496 (2007).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.3.1259","volume":"165","author":"K Denzer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Denzer, K. et al. Follicular dendritic cells carry MHC class II-expressing microvesicles at their surface. J Immunol 165, 1259\u20131265 (2000).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535615","volume":"36","author":"C Admyre","year":"2006","unstructured":"Admyre, C., Johansson, S. M., Paulie, S. & Gabrielsson, S. Direct exosome stimulation of peripheral human T cells detected by ELISPOT. Eur J Immunol 36, 1772\u20131781, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200535615 (2006).","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141438","volume":"41","author":"SH Petersen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Petersen, S. H. et al. The role of tetraspanin CD63 in antigen presentation via MHC class II. Eur J Immunol 41, 2556\u20132561, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.201141438 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"28655_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.1.82","volume":"102","author":"R Ricciarelli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ricciarelli, R., Zingg, J. M. & Azzi, A. Vitamin E reduces the uptake of oxidized LDL by inhibiting CD36 scavenger receptor expression in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. Circulation 102, 82\u201387 (2000).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"28655_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.6.7524984","volume":"150","author":"G Ciprandi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ciprandi, G. et al. Allergen-specific challenge induces intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1 or CD54) on nasal epithelial cells in allergic subjects. Relationships with early and late inflammatory phenomena. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150, 1653\u20131659, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.150.6.7524984 (1994).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"28655_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6670","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1131852100","volume":"100","author":"I Hwang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hwang, I., Shen, X. & Sprent, J. Direct stimulation of naive T cells by membrane vesicles from antigen-presenting cells: distinct roles for CD54 and B7 molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100, 6670\u20136675, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1131852100 (2003).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"28655_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117650","volume":"95","author":"MF Iademarco","year":"1995","unstructured":"Iademarco, M. F., Barks, J. L. & Dean, D. C. Regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression by IL-4 and TNF-alpha in cultured endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 95, 264\u2013271, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI117650 (1995).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"28655_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.131565","volume":"324","author":"E Masini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Masini, E. et al. Ceramide: a key signaling molecule in a Guinea pig model of allergic asthmatic response and airway inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 324, 548\u2013557, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.107.131565 (2008).","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"28655_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L836","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00385.2010","volume":"301","author":"KS Schweitzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schweitzer, K. S. et al. Mechanisms of lung endothelial barrier disruption induced by cigarette smoke: role of oxidative stress and ceramides. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 301, L836\u2013846, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00385.2010 (2011).","journal-title":"American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology"},{"key":"28655_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200711-1644OC","volume":"177","author":"J Galanter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Galanter, J. et al. ORMDL3 gene is associated with asthma in three ethnically diverse populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177, 1194\u20131200, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200711-1644OC (2008).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"28655_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2329","volume":"9","author":"YA Hannun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hannun, Y. A. & Obeid, L. M. Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9, 139\u2013150, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm2329 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"28655_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.4.1283","volume":"89","author":"SM Wright","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wright, S. M. et al. Altered airway surfactant phospholipid composition and reduced lung function in asthma. J Appl Physiol (1985) 89, 1283\u20131292 (2000).","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"28655_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27179","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.45.27179","volume":"270","author":"P Liu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Liu, P. & Anderson, R. G. Compartmentalized production of ceramide at the cell surface. J Biol Chem 270, 27179\u201327185 (1995).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"28655_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11247","DOI":"10.1021\/bi061307z","volume":"45","author":"CJ Clarke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clarke, C. J. et al. The extended family of neutral sphingomyelinases. Biochemistry 45, 11247\u201311256, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bi061307z (2006).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"28655_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.3.9811049","volume":"160","author":"PA Dargaville","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dargaville, P. A., South, M., Vervaart, P. & McDougall, P. N. Validity of markers of dilution in small volume lung lavage. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160, 778\u2013784, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.160.3.9811049 (1999).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"28655_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.164","volume":"118","author":"KC Meyer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meyer, K. C. et al. Function and composition of pulmonary surfactant and surfactant-derived fatty acid profiles are altered in young adults with cystic fibrosis. Chest 118, 164\u2013174 (2000).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"28655_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542113","volume":"153","author":"A Gunther","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gunther, A. et al. Surfactant alterations in severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cardiogenic lung edema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153, 176\u2013184, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542113 (1996).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"28655_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2009.6","volume":"28","author":"T Zech","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zech, T. et al. Accumulation of raft lipids in T-cell plasma membrane domains engaged in TCR signalling. EMBO J 28, 466\u2013476, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emboj.2009.6 (2009).","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"28655_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2014-0282","volume":"396","author":"N Beyersdorf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beyersdorf, N. & Muller, N. Sphingomyelin breakdown in T cells: role in activation, effector functions and immunoregulation. Biol Chem 396, 749\u2013758, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/hsz-2014-0282 (2015).","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"28655_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-004-0539-y","volume":"82","author":"E Gulbins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gulbins, E., Dreschers, S., Wilker, B. & Grassme, H. Ceramide, membrane rafts and infections. J Mol Med (Berl) 82, 357\u2013363, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-004-0539-y (2004).","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"28655_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8831-5_20","volume":"49","author":"KA Becker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Becker, K. A., Gellhaus, A., Winterhager, E. & Gulbins, E. Ceramide-enriched membrane domains in infectious biology and development. Subcell Biochem 49, 523\u2013538, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4020-8831-5_20 (2008).","journal-title":"Subcell Biochem"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-28655-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-28655-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-28655-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T13:59:38Z","timestamp":1693749578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-28655-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["28655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-28655-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"10340"}}