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It has been reported that some astrocytes express the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-R), the activation of which is leading to Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>mobilization from internal stores and a consecutive release of glutamate. It has also been documented that astrocytes have the potential to produce the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, one of the best known CB<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-R agonist. However, no relationship between CB<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-R activation and 2-arachidonoylglycerol production has ever been demonstrated. Here we show that rat spinal astrocytes co-express CB<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-Rs and the 2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesizing enzyme, diacylglycerol lipase-alpha in close vicinity to each other. We also demonstrate that activation of CB<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-Rs induces a substantial elevation of intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>concentration in astrocytes. Finally, we provide evidence that the evoked Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>transients lead to the production of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in cultured astrocytes. The results provide evidence for a novel cannabinoid induced endocannabinoid release mechanism in astrocytes which broadens the bidirectional signaling repertoire between astrocytes and neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28763-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,6]],"date-time":"2018-07-06T11:45:54Z","timestamp":1530877554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["CB1 receptor activation induces intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and 2-arachidonoylglycerol release in rodent spinal cord astrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5005-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3834-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Ol\u00e1h","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ron","family":"K\u0151szeghy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Piscitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krisztina","family":"Holl\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"P\u00e1l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Csernoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Antal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"28763_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8134839","volume":"263","author":"M Nedergaard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nedergaard, M. 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