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While microbiota exposure is required for normal behavior in mammals, it is not known how widely this dependency is present in other animal species. We proposed the hypothesis that the microbiome has a major influence on the behavior of the vinegar fly (\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a major invertebrate model organism. Several assays were used to test the contribution of the microbiome on some well-characterized behaviors: defensive behavior, sleep, locomotion, and courtship in microbe-bearing, control flies and two generations of germ-free animals. None of the behaviors were largely influenced by the absence of a microbiome,\u00a0and the small or moderate effects were not generalizable between replicates and\/or generations. These results refute the hypothesis, indicating that the\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    microbiome does not have a major influence over several behaviors fundamental to the animal\u2019s survival and reproduction. The impact of commensal microbes on animal behaviour may not be broadly conserved.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28764-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T07:11:57Z","timestamp":1531120317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The Drosophila microbiome has a limited influence on sleep, activity, and courtship behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Joel","family":"Selkrig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhan","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon Hwee","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia Yi","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayfun","family":"Tumkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9186-6322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joses","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin Ning","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5597-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0859-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Helfrich-F\u00f6rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne Y.","family":"Yew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4583-3650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Claridge-Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"28764_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42","volume":"16","author":"MG Rooks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rooks, M. 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