{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T13:08:48Z","timestamp":1778159328233,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Familial risks for testicular cancer (TC) are among the highest of all cancers. However, data are limited for histological types of TC and for possible familial associations of TC with other cancers. We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database for years 1958 to 2015 to analyse familial relative risks (RR) for 11,138 TC patients when first-degree relatives were diagnosed with TC or other cancer in reference to those without a family history. A total of 191 familial TCs were found, which accounted for 2.0% of all TC. The RR was 5.06 when one family member was diagnosed with TC with no significant difference between seminoma and nonseminoma. However, the risk for nonseminoma was 33.59 when two family members were affected. Internally consistent familial associations of TC, particularly of seminoma, were found with breast and nervous system cancers and melanoma. Individual significant associations were found for a number of sites, including ovarian, endometrial and prostate cancers. Our results suggest that nonseminoma may have a stronger genetic background than seminoma but seminoma shares more familial associations with discordant cancers. Clustering of TC with hormone-dependent cancers of the breast, ovary, endometrium and prostate may suggest mechanistic links and possibly gene-environment interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28819-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T11:05:55Z","timestamp":1531393555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Familial Associations in Testicular Cancer with Other Cancers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Luyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Hemminki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asta","family":"F\u00f6rsti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Hemminki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"28819_CR1","unstructured":"IARC. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vol. IX. IARC (2007)."},{"key":"28819_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21747","volume":"118","author":"F Bray","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bray, F., Richiardi, L., Ekbom, A., Pukkala, E., Cuninkova, M. & Moller, H. Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: continuing increases in incidence and declines in mortality. Int J Cancer 118, 3099\u20133111 (2006).","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"28819_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.11.035","volume":"50","author":"C Le Cornet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Le Cornet, C. et al. Testicular cancer incidence to rise by 25% by 2025 in Europe? Model-based predictions in 40 countries using population-based registry data. Eur J Cancer 50, 831\u2013839 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"28819_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-014-0486-z","volume":"26","author":"A Znaor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Znaor, A., Lortet-Tieulent, J., Laversanne, M., Jemal, A. & Bray, F. International testicular cancer incidence trends: generational transitions in 38 countries 1900\u20131990. Cancer Causes Control 26, 151\u2013158 (2015).","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"28819_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2016.08.004","volume":"43","author":"LC Pyle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pyle, L. C. & Nathanson, K. L. Genetic changes associated with testicular cancer susceptibility. Semin Oncol 43, 575\u2013581 (2016).","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"28819_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000443400","volume":"86","author":"NE Skakkebaek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Skakkebaek, N. E. A Brief Review of the Link between Environment and Male Reproductive Health: Lessons from Studies of Testicular Germ Cell Cancer. Hormone research in paediatrics 86, 240\u2013246 (2016).","journal-title":"Hormone research in paediatrics"},{"key":"28819_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28207","volume":"133","author":"B Trabert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trabert, B., Zugna, D., Richiardi, L., McGlynn, K. A. & Akre, O. Congenital malformations and testicular germ cell tumors. Int J Cancer 133, 1900\u20131904 (2013).","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"28819_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00991-5","volume":"387","author":"E Rajpert-De Meyts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rajpert-De Meyts, E., McGlynn, K. A., Okamoto, K., Jewett, M. A. & Bokemeyer, C. Testicular germ cell tumours. Lancet 387, 1762\u20131774 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"28819_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-09-0284","volume":"17","author":"K Hemminki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hemminki, K., Mousavi, S. M., Brandt, A., Ji, J. & Sundquist, J. Histology-specific risks in testicular cancer in immigrants to Sweden. Endocr Relat Cancer 17, 329\u2013334 (2010).","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"28819_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10332","volume":"99","author":"K Czene","year":"2002","unstructured":"Czene, K., Lichtenstein, P. & Hemminki, K. Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Int J Cancer 99, 260\u2013266 (2002).","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"28819_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601714","volume":"90","author":"K Hemminki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hemminki, K. & Li, X. Familial risk in testicular cancer as a clue to a heritable and environmental aetiology. Br J Cancer 90, 1765\u20131770 (2004).","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"28819_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12891","volume":"5","author":"C Frank","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frank, C., Fallah, M., Sundquist, J., Hemminki, A. & Hemminki, K. Population Landscape of Familial Cancer. Scientific reports 5, 12891 (2015).","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"key":"28819_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.12.031","volume":"68","author":"E Kharazmi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kharazmi, E. et al. Cancer Risk in Relatives of Testicular Cancer Patients by Histology Type and Age at Diagnosis: A Joint Study from Five Nordic Countries. Eur Urol 68, 283\u2013289 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"28819_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00599.x","volume":"29","author":"K Hemminki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hemminki, K. & Chen, B. 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