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Both types of narcolepsies belong to the group of central hypersomnias (CH), a spectrum of poorly defined diseases with excessive daytime sleepiness as a core feature. Due to the considerable overlap of symptoms and the rarity of the diseases, it is difficult to identify distinct phenotypes of CH. Machine learning (ML) can help to identify phenotypes as it learns to recognize clinical features invisible for humans. Here we apply ML to data from the huge European Narcolepsy Network (EU-NN) that contains hundreds of mixed features of narcolepsy making it difficult to analyze with classical statistics. Stochastic gradient boosting, a supervised learning model with built-in feature selection, results in high performances in testing set. While cataplexy features are recognized as the most influential predictors, machine find additional features, e.g. mean rapid-eye-movement sleep latency of multiple sleep latency test contributes to classify NT1 and NT2 as confirmed by classical statistical analysis. Our results suggest ML can identify features of CH on machine scale from complex databases, thus providing \u2018ideas\u2019 and promising candidates for future diagnostic classifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28840-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T10:23:52Z","timestamp":1531131832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Exploring the clinical features of narcolepsy type 1 versus narcolepsy type 2 from European Narcolepsy Network database with machine 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Fox Foundation, NY, USA; Dr. Guiseppe Plazzi: advisory board member for UCB Pharma and Jazz Pharmaceuticals; Dr. Karel Sonka: received speaker honoraria for Novartis and consultation fees for clinical trials for Bioprojet and Eisai; Dr. Peter Young: member of national advisory board for MEDICE and UCB Pharma Brussels, and received speaker honoraria for UCB; PI for narcolepsy study sponsored by UCB, PI for narcolepsy and sleep apnea studies sponsored by Jazz Pharmaceuticals, USA; Dr. Gert Jan Lammers: international UCB narcolepsy advisory board; Dr. Johannes Mathis: received speaker honoraria from UCB Switzerland. The other authors have nothing to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"10628"}}