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SCNs capture the complexity of human brain cortex structure and are disrupted in neurodegenerative conditions. However, the longitudinal assessment of SCN dynamics has not yet been explored, despite its potential to unveil mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Here, we evaluated the changes of SCNs over 12 months in patients with a first inflammatory-demyelinating attack of the Central Nervous System and assessed their clinical relevance by comparing SCN dynamics of patients with and without conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) over one year. All subjects underwent clinical and brain MRI assessments over one year. Brain cortical thicknesses for each subject and time point were used to obtain group-level between-area correlation matrices from which nodal connectivity metrics were obtained. Robust bootstrap-based statistical approaches (allowing sampling with replacement) assessed the significance of longitudinal changes. Patients who converted to MS exhibited significantly greater network connectivity at baseline than non-converters (p\u2009=\u20090.02) and a subsequent connectivity loss over time (p\u2009=\u20090.001\u20130.02), not observed in non-converters\u2019 network. These findings suggest SCN analysis is sensitive to brain tissue changes in early MS, reflecting clinically relevant aspects of the condition. However, this is preliminary work, indicated by the low sample sizes, and its results and conclusions should be treated with caution and confirmed with larger cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29017-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T11:30:21Z","timestamp":1531222221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Structural cortical network reorganization associated with early conversion to multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1849-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Tur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Eshaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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She has also received honoraria and support from travelling from Merck Serono, Sanofi, Roche, TEVA Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Biogen, Bayer, Ismar Healthcare. A.E. has received a McDonald Fellowship from Multiple Sclerosis International Federation. A.E. has also received an ECTRIMS-MAGNIMS fellowship. F.P. is supported by a Guarantors of Brain non-clinical postdoctoral fellowship. FP has also received honoraria from Bioclinica Inc. F.G. is funded by the Horizon2020-EU.3.1 CDS-QUAMRI project (ref: 634541) and by the EPSRC Platform Grant for medical image computing for next-generation healthcare technology (ref: EP\/M020533\/1). S.O. is funded by the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR BRC UCLH\/UCL High Impact Initiative BW.mn.BRC10269). S.O. also receives funding from the EPSRC (EP\/H046410\/1, EP\/J020990\/1, EP\/K005278), the MRC (MR\/J01107X\/1) and the NIHR Biomedical Research Unit (Dementia) at UCL. C.A.M.G.W.K. has received research grants (PI and co-applicant) from Spinal Research, Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, EPSRC, Wings for Life, UK MS Society, Horizon2020, NIHR\/MRC. A.J.T. receives grant support from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. A.J.T. has also received honoraria\/support for travel for consultancy from Eisai, Biogen (Optum Insight), and Excemed. He received support for travel from the International Progressive MS Alliance, as chair of their Scientific Steering Committee and the National MS Society (USA) as member of their Research Programs Advisory Committee, and receives an honorarium from SAGE Publishers as Editor-in-Chief of Multiple Sclerosis Journal. O.C. receives research grant support from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre. O.C. is also a consultant for Teva, Roche, Novartis, Biogen, Genzyme and GE. She is an Associate Editor for Neurology, for which she receives an honorarium. A.T.T. has received speaker honoraria from Biomedia, Serono Symposia International Foundation, Bayer and meeting expenses from Biogen Idec. He is the local principal investigator for clinical trials in multiple sclerosis funded by MEDDAY Pharmaceuticals. D.R.A., T.M.J., F.G., T.C., A.S. and J.D.C. declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"10715"}}