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The rat insulinoma cell line INS-1E and isolated pancreatic islets from outbred and inbred rats were used to optimize labeling conditions <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Strong MRI contrast was generated by islets exposed to 50\u2009\u00b5g Fe\/ml for 24\u2009hours without any increased cell death, loss of function or other signs of toxicity. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> experiments showed that pancreatic islets (50\u20131000 units) labeled with MLs were detectable for up to 6 weeks post-transplantation in the kidney subcapsular space. Islets were also monitored for two weeks following transplantation through the portal vein of the liver. Hereby, islets labeled with MLs and transplanted under the left kidney capsule were able to correct hyperglycemia and had stable MRI signals until nephrectomy. Interestingly, <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> MRI of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats transplanted with allogeneic islets demonstrated loss of MRI contrast between 7\u201316 days, indicative of loss of islet structure. MLs used in this study were not only beneficial for monitoring the location of transplanted islets <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> with high sensitivity but also reported on islet integrity and hereby indirectly on islet function and rejection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29136-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T09:51:55Z","timestamp":1532512315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Magnetoliposomes as Contrast Agents for Longitudinal in vivo Assessment of Transplanted Pancreatic Islets in a Diabetic Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4131-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita Sofia","family":"Garcia Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conny","family":"Gysemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Monteiro Carvalho Mori","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bella B.","family":"Manshian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Jirak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2028-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4319-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Ba\u00f1obre-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Struys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"De Cuyper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefaan J.","family":"Soenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Gsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Himmelreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"29136_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.5.628","volume":"285","author":"JM Olefsky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Olefsky, J. 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