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The matched slices from same patient\u2019s pleura and PE were collected which both were pathologically verified positive. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect PD-L1 expression. A total of 51 eligible cases were enrolled, including 30 males and 21 females. The average age was (67.06\u2009\u00b1\u200912.10) years. PD-L1 expression wasn\u2019t statistically significant in pleura and cell masses (P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) and the correlation was statistically significant (r\u2009=\u20090.585, P\u2009=\u20090.000). Using an IHC scores of 5 point as a cutoff, positive PD-L1 expression in the pleura was 11.63% and that in the cell masses was 23.26%, and difference was significant (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The correlation coefficient was 0.605. Among 35 cases underwent systemic anti-tumor treatment, the mean survival time with positive PD-L1 expression in PE was 17.370\u2009\u00b1\u20091.827 months, which was significantly shorter than that with the negative (29.944\u2009\u00b1\u20092.671 months) (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20094.507, P\u2009=\u20090.034). Positive PD-L1 expression in PE is higher than in the pleura and their correlation is well. It may predict the short survival time after systemic anti-tumor treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29156-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T10:11:46Z","timestamp":1531995106000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["PD-L1 expression in pleural effusions of pulmonary adenocarcinoma and survival prediction: a controlled study by pleural biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunfang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nini","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"29156_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2016-0032","volume":"8","author":"PN Aguiar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aguiar, P. 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