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To determine the extent to which recent HIV infections were derived from already circulating local strains as opposed to recently introduced strains, we performed a cross-sectional molecular epidemiological investigation of recent infections across Guangxi during 2012\u20132013. HIV-1 nucleotide sequences were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic> gene regions were used to determine HIV-1 transmission source strains. Based on 229 sequences generated, the subtype\/CRF distribution was as follows: CRF01_AE (61.1%), CRF07_BC (18.8%), CRF08_BC (16.6%), CRF55_01B (3.1%), and subtype B\u2032 (0.4%). In total, 213 of 229 (93.0%) sequenced transmission strains were derived from already-circulating local strains. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only an age of 18\u201325 years was significantly associated with transmission from outside Guangxi (compared to &gt;25 years, AOR: 5.15, 95% CI: 1.18\u201322.48, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). This is the first study to use a Bayesian discrete phylogeographic approach to analyze transmission source strains in China. Our results provide useful data for designing evidence-based prevention strategies and methods for combating the rapid spread of sexually transmitted HIV in Guangxi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29201-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T09:18:25Z","timestamp":1534843105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["HIV-1 Transmissions Among Recently Infected Individuals in Southwest China are Predominantly Derived from Circulating Local Strains"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runsong","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongman","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinjuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueqin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ningye","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghua","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujia","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"29201_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200001070-00009","volume":"14","author":"C Beyrer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beyrer, C. et al. 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