{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T03:09:20Z","timestamp":1781579360265,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xcel Energy Renewable Development Fund, InterPhases Solar."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semiconductor<jats:italic>pn<\/jats:italic>junctions, integrated in optoelectronic devices require high quality crystals, made by expensive, technically difficult processes. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structures offer practical alternatives to circumvent the cost, flexibility and scale-up challenges of crystalline planar<jats:italic>pn<\/jats:italic>junctions. Fabrication methods for the current organic or inorganic BHJ structures invariably create interface mismatch and low doping issues. To overcome such issues, we devised an innovative approach, founded on novel inorganic material system that ensued from single-step electrodeposited copper-indium-selenide compounds. Surface analytical microscopies and spectroscopies reveal unusual phenomena, electro-optical properties and quantum effects. They support the formation of highly-ordered, sharp, abrupt 3-dimensional nanoscale<jats:italic>pn<\/jats:italic>BHJs that facilitate efficient charge carrier separation and transport, and essentially perform the same functions as crystalline planar<jats:italic>pn<\/jats:italic>junctions. This approach offers a low-cost processing platform to create nanocrystalline films, with the attributes necessary for efficient BHJ operation. It allows roll-to-roll processing of flexible devices in simple thin-film form factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29457-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T10:25:46Z","timestamp":1532341546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Formation of unique nanocrystalline Cu-In-Se bulk pn homojunctions for opto-electronic devices"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shalini","family":"Menezes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anura","family":"Samantilleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"29457_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panthani, M. G. & Korgel B. A. Nanocrystals for electronics. Annu. Rev. 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