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Physiological RS generates the activation of sensing proteins, inflammasome activation and mature-IL-1\u03b2 secretion, associated with pro-implantatory effects. We focus on the impact of RS and UPR on decidualized cells and whether they induce a physiological sterile inflammatory response through IL-1\u03b2 production. Human endometrial stromal cell line (HESC) after decidualization treatment with MPA\u2009+\u2009dibutyryl-cAMP (Dec) increased the expression of RS-sensors (ATF6, PERK and IRE1\u03b1) and UPR markers (sXBP1 and CHOP) in comparison with Non-dec cells. Then we found increased NLRP3 expression in Dec cells compared with Non-dec cells. In fact STF-083010 (an IRE1\u03b1 inhibitor) prevented this increase. Downstream, increased levels of active caspase-1 on Dec cells were detected by FAM-Flica Caspase-1 associated with an increase in IL-1\u03b2 production. Moreover, the treatment with STF-083010 decreased the invasion index observed in Dec cells, evaluated by an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> model of implantation. In endometrial biopsies from recurrent spontaneous abortion patients an increased expression of IRE1\u03b1 was found in comparison with fertile women; while recurrent implantation failure samples showed a lower expression of sXBP1, TXNIP and NLRP3 than fertile women, suggesting that RS\/UPR tenors might condition endometrial receptivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29779-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T13:34:28Z","timestamp":1533908068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Impact of the Reticular Stress and Unfolded Protein Response on the inflammatory response in endometrial stromal cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Grasso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Soczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Gallino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Vota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Irigoyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ruhlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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