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In Huntington\u2019s disease (HD), clinical and animal studies show evidence of immune activity, along with hyper-reactive monocyte\/macrophage responses, while application of immunosuppressive regimens have imparted beneficial effects to HD mice. These findings suggest a contributory role of the immune system in HD pathology, with immune-based interventions offering a potential therapeutic strategy. Herein, we show that peripheral and CNS immune system activity increased with disease progression in HD mouse models and defined the phenotype of the immune response. Additionally, the depletion of monocytes and macrophages<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, via clodronate liposome treatment, revealed a major contributory role of these innate immune cells to the chronic inflammatory milieu observed during the course of the disease. This suggests that peripheral immunomodulatory strategies targeting monocytes and macrophages could be relevant for HD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29792-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T11:15:57Z","timestamp":1532430957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["In vivo neutralization of the protagonist role of macrophages during the chronic inflammatory stage of Huntington\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Pido-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Andre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9220-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnesska C.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadira","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2716-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Tabrizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4041-6305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian P.","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"29792_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117957351772251","DOI":"10.1177\/1179573517722512","volume":"9","author":"D Shamim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shamim, D. & Laskowski, M. 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