{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:42:23Z","timestamp":1791474143606,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hippocampus is associated with memory and navigation, and the rodent hippocampus provides a useful model system for studying neurophysiology such as neural plasticity. Vascular changes at this site are closely related to brain diseases, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, dementia, and epilepsy. Vascular imaging around the hippocampus in mice may help to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying these diseases. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an emerging technology that can provide label-free blood flow information. As the hippocampus is a deep structure in the mouse brain, direct <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> visualisation of the vascular network using OCTA and other microscopic imaging modalities has been challenging. Imaging of blood vessels in the hippocampus has been performed using multiphoton microscopy; however, labelling with fluorescence probes is necessary when using this technique. Here, we report the use of label-free and noninvasive microvascular imaging in the hippocampal formation of mice using a 1.7-\u03bcm swept-source OCT system. The imaging results demonstrate that the proposed system can visualise blood flow at different locations of the hippocampus corresponding with deep brain areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29975-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T11:22:32Z","timestamp":1532690552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Deep brain optical coherence tomography angiography in mice: in vivo, noninvasive imaging of hippocampal formation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kwan Seob","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Geun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Mohsin","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Euiheon","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0556-4027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Joong","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"29975_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.03.037","volume":"33","author":"PE Gilbert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gilbert, P. E. & Brushfield, A. M. The role of the CA3 hippocampal subregion in spatial memory: A process oriented behavioral assessment. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 33, 774\u2013781 (2009).","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"29975_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.104323","volume":"15","author":"V Dhikav","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dhikav, V. & Anand, K. Hippocampus in health and disease: An overview. Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol. 15, 239 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"29975_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000227","volume":"100","author":"JI Keuker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Keuker, J. I., Luiten, P. G. & Fuchs, E. Capillary changes in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of the aging rhesus monkey. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) 100, 665\u2013672 (2000).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"29975_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000203077.53080.2c","volume":"65","author":"C Bouras","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bouras, C. et al. Stereologic analysis of microvascular morphology in the elderly: Alzheimer disease pathology and cognitive status. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 65, 235\u2013244 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"29975_CR5","unstructured":"Dong, H. W. Al\n                           len reference atlas: a digital color brain atlas of the C57Black\/6J male mouse. (Wiley, 2008)."},{"key":"29975_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2292","volume":"17","author":"RPJ Barretto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barretto, R. P. J. et al. Time-lapse imaging of disease progression in deep brain areas using fluorescence microendoscopy. Nat. Med. 17, 223\u2013228 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"29975_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2012.336","volume":"7","author":"NG Horton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horton, N. G. et al. In vivo three-photon microscopy of subcortical structures within an intact mouse brain. Nat. Photonics 7, 205\u2013209 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"29975_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/38\/15\/002","volume":"38","author":"PH Tomlins","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tomlins, P. H. & Wang, R. K. Theory, developments and applications of optical coherence tomography. J. Phys. Appl. Phys. 38, 2519\u20132535 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"29975_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.001056","volume":"8","author":"C-L Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, C.-L. & Wang, R. K. Optical coherence tomography based angiography [Invited]. Biomed. Opt. Express 8, 1056 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"29975_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4911","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.40.004911","volume":"40","author":"SP Chong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chong, S. P. et al. Noninvasive, in vivo imaging of subcortical mouse brain regions with 1.7 \u03bcm optical coherence tomography. Opt. Lett. 40, 4911 (2015).","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"29975_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W., You, J., Gu, X., Du, C. & Pan, Y. High-speed swept source optical coherence Doppler tomography for deep brain microvascular imaging. Sci. Rep. 6 (2016).","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38786"},{"key":"29975_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02475-2","volume":"971","author":"I Grivas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grivas, I. et al. Vascular network of the rat hippocampus is not homogeneous along the septotemporal axis. Brain Res. 971, 245\u2013249 (2003).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"29975_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohm, T. G. The dentate gyrus in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. In Progress in Brain Research 163, 723\u2013740 (Elsevier, 2007).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)63039-8"},{"key":"29975_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19712","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.019712","volume":"16","author":"U Sharma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharma, U., Chang, E. W. & Yun, S. H. Long-wavelength optical coherence tomography at 1.7 \u03bcm for enhanced imaging depth. Opt. Express 16, 19712 (2008).","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"29975_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamanaka, M., Teranishi, T., Kawagoe, H. & Nishizawa, N. Optical coherence microscopy in 1700 nm spectral band for high-resolution label-free deep-tissue imaging. Sci. Rep. 6 (2016).","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31715"},{"key":"29975_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.004083","volume":"15","author":"RK Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang, R. K. et al. Three dimensional optical angiography. Opt. Express 15, 4083 (2007).","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"29975_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.31.000362","volume":"31","author":"BJ Vakoc","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vakoc, B. J., Yun, S. H., Tearney, G. J. & Bouma, B. E. Elimination of depth degeneracy in optical frequency-domain imaging through polarization-based optical demodulation. Opt. Lett. 31, 362 (2006).","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"29975_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.9.000610","volume":"9","author":"A Fercher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fercher, A. et al. Numerical dispersion compensation for Partial Coherence Interferometry and Optical Coherence Tomography. Opt. Express 9, 610 (2001).","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"29975_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.33.001530","volume":"33","author":"A Mariampillai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mariampillai, A. et al. Speckle variance detection of microvasculature using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Opt. Lett. 33, 1530 (2008).","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"29975_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mostany, R. & Portera-Cailliau, C. A craniotomy surgery procedure for chronic brain imaging. J. Vis. Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/680 (2008).","DOI":"10.3791\/680"},{"key":"29975_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3807\/JOSK.2016.20.1.088","volume":"20","author":"A Cho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cho, A., Yeon, C., Kim, D. & Chung, E. Laser speckle contrast imaging for measuring cerebral blood flow changes caused by electrical sensory stimulation. J. Opt. Soc. Korea 20, 88\u201393 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Korea"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-29975-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-29975-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-29975-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T08:03:27Z","timestamp":1671609807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-29975-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["29975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-29975-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"11614"}}