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In addition to ACT domain-containing enzymes, plants have a novel family of\n                    <jats:underline>AC<\/jats:underline>\n                    T domain\n                    <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n                    epeat (ACR) proteins, which do not contain any recognizable catalytic domain. Arabidopsis has 12 ACR proteins, whose functions are largely unknown. To study the functions of Arabidopsis ACR11, we have characterized two independent T-DNA insertion mutants,\n                    <jats:italic>acr11-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>acr11-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    . RNA gel-blot analysis revealed that the expression of wild-type\n                    <jats:italic>ACR11<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcripts was not detectable in the\n                    <jats:italic>acr11<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants. Interestingly, a lesion-mimic phenotype occurs in some rosette leaves of the\n                    <jats:italic>acr11<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants. In addition, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), salicylic acid (SA), and callose accumulate in the mutant leaves when grown under normal conditions. The expression of several SA marker genes and the key SA biosynthetic gene\n                    <jats:italic>ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is up-regulated in the\n                    <jats:italic>acr11<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants. Furthermore, the\n                    <jats:italic>acr11<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants are more resistant to the infection of bacterial pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathovar\n                    <jats:italic>tomato<\/jats:italic>\n                    DC3000. These results suggest that ACR11 may be directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of ROS and SA accumulation, which in turn modulates SA-associated defense responses and disease resistance in Arabidopsis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30304-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T11:48:48Z","timestamp":1533124128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["ACR11 modulates levels of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid-associated defense response in Arabidopsis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shashi Kant","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Ying","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsui-Yun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Chu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo-Chien","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Yu","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hsiun","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"30304_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(01)00272-X","volume":"11","author":"DM Chipman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chipman, D. 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