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However, the precise mechanisms underlying this effect remain elusive. Here we assessed the hypothesis that TRPA1 is activated by mechanical perturbations induced upon LPS insertion in the plasma membrane. We asked whether the effects of different LPS on TRPA1 relate to their ability to induce mechanical alterations in artificial and cellular membranes. We found that LPS from <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>, but not from <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>minnesota<\/jats:italic>, activates TRPA1. We then assessed the effects of these LPS on lipid membranes using dyes whose fluorescence properties change upon alteration of the local lipid environment. <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> LPS was more effective than <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>minnesota<\/jats:italic> LPS in shifting Laurdan\u2019s emission spectrum towards lower wavelengths, increasing the fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene and reducing the fluorescence intensity of merocyanine 540. These data indicate that <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> LPS induces stronger changes in the local lipid environment than <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>minnesota<\/jats:italic> LPS, paralleling its distinct ability to activate TRPA1. Our findings indicate that LPS activate TRPA1 by producing mechanical perturbations in the plasma membrane and suggest that TRPA1-mediated chemosensation may result from primary mechanosensory mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30534-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T09:12:44Z","timestamp":1533633164000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Differential interactions of bacterial lipopolysaccharides with lipid membranes: implications for TRPA1-mediated chemosensation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Justyna B.","family":"Startek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Talavera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Voets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1959-5393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeranddy A.","family":"Alpizar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"30534_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2013.97","volume":"45","author":"BS Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park, B. 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