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However, pronounced variations in DFe concentrations in anoxic coastal waters of the Peruvian OMZ indicate that there are factors in addition to dissolved oxygen concentrations (O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) that control Fe cycling. Our study demonstrates that sediment-derived reduced Fe (Fe(II)) forms the main DFe fraction in the anoxic\/euxinic water column off Peru, which is responsible for DFe accumulations of up to 200 nmol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Lowest DFe values were observed in anoxic shelf waters in the presence of nitrate and nitrite. This reflects oxidation of sediment-sourced Fe(II) associated with nitrate\/nitrite reduction and subsequent removal as particulate Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. Unexpectedly, the highest DFe levels were observed in waters with elevated concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (up to 4\u2009\u00b5mol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and correspondingly depleted nitrate\/nitrite concentrations (&lt;0.18\u2009\u00b5mol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Under these conditions, Fe removal was reduced through stabilization of Fe(II) as aqueous iron sulfide (FeS<jats:sub>aqu<\/jats:sub>) which comprises complexes (e.g., FeSH<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) and clusters (e.g., Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>|4H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O). Sulfidic events on the Peruvian shelf consequently enhance Fe availability, and may increase in frequency in future due to projected expansion and intensification of OMZs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30580-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T08:57:47Z","timestamp":1534496267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["H2S events in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone facilitate enhanced dissolved Fe concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Streu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaute","family":"Lavik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Croot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5993-9088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Dengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-2767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric P.","family":"Achterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"30580_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318670111","volume":"111","author":"C Schlosser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schlosser, C. et al. 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