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Several animal models for AA have been created to investigate the pathophysiology and screen for effective therapeutic targets. As C3H\/HeJ mice develop AA spontaneously in a low frequency, a novel animal model is needed to establish an AA-like condition faster and more conveniently. In this study, we present a novel non-invasive AA rodent model that avoids skin or lymph-node cell transfer. We simply injected C3H\/HeJ mice subcutaneously with interferon-gamma (IFN\u03b3) along with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), a synthetic dsRNA, to initiate innate immunity via inflammasome activation. Approximately 80% of the IFN\u03b3 and poly(I:C) co-injected mice showed patchy AA lesions after 8 weeks. None of the mice displayed hair loss in the IFN\u03b3 or poly(I:C) solely injection group. Immunohistochemical staining of the AA lesions revealed increased infiltration of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells infiltration around the hair follicles. IFN\u03b3 and poly(I:C) increased the expression of NLRP3, IL-1\u03b2, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in mouse skin. Taken together, these findings indicate a shorter and more convenient means of AA animal model induction and demonstrate that inflammasome-activated innate immunity is important in AA pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30997-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T11:37:43Z","timestamp":1534333063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Induction of alopecia areata in C3H\/HeJ mice using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) and interferon-gamma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jung-Min","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-Kyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Cheol","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Woo","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Joon","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9341-6491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Deok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeung-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9205-1785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"30997_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1103442","volume":"366","author":"G Amos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amos, G., Amos, E. & Ralf, P. 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