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In this work we present a novel model of inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields originating from nerve fibers and delineate their influence on cells. By expanding Hodgkin-Huxley\u2019s applied current into axial current, governed by<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$${J}_{i}^{j+1}=K\\times {J}_{i}^{j}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                      <mml:msubsup>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>J<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>i<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>j<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:msubsup>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00d7<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:msubsup>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>J<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>i<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>j<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:msubsup>\n                    <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>, we reveal that cell-with-neuron interactions are regulated by the strength of the electromagnetic fields, which are homogeneous up to <jats:italic>2.066<\/jats:italic>\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bcm<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>6.606<\/jats:italic>\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bcm<\/jats:italic> away from neurilemma and axolemma, respectively. At the nodes of Ranvier, these fields reach strengths of 3.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221212<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>, while at the myelinated segments they only peak at 2.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221212<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. These are the same fields which are, due to inhomogeneity, detected as 1,000 times weaker by magnetoencephalography. Considering the widespread occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders, our model reveals that a 50% demyelination increases the field strength by 0.35\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221212<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>, while a complete demyelination increases it by 0.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221212<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. Since this suggests that the inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields around neurons play a role in physiological and pathological processes, including cell-to-neuron and cell-to-cell communication, their improved understanding opens up new therapeutic strategies based on electromagnetic field modulation or cell\u2019s surface charge alteration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31054-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T13:28:26Z","timestamp":1534858106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Modeling of inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields in the nervous system: a novel paradigm in understanding cell interactions, disease etiology and therapy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5971-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmina","family":"Isakovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Dobbs-Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipesh","family":"Chaudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinko","family":"Mitrecic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"31054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoshiba, T., Yoshikawa, C. & Sakakibara, K. 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