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In order to have an insight into artemisinin biosynthesis in species other than <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>annua<\/jats:italic>, five species with different artemisinin contents were investigated for the expression of key genes that influence artemisinin content. The least relative expression of the examined terpene synthase genes accompanied with very low glandular trichome density (4 No. mm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>) and absence of artemisinin content in <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>khorassanica<\/jats:italic> (S2) underscored the vast metabolic capacity of glandular trichomes. <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>deserti<\/jats:italic> (S4) with artemisinin content of 5.13\u2009mg\u2009g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> DW had a very high expression of <jats:italic>Aa<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>ALDH1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aa<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>CYP71AV1<\/jats:italic> and low expression of <jats:italic>Aa<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>DBR2<\/jats:italic>. It is possible to develop plants with high artemisinin synthesis ability by downregulating <jats:italic>Aa<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>ORA<\/jats:italic> in S4, which may result in the reduction of <jats:italic>Aa<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>ALDH1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aa<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>CYP71AV1<\/jats:italic> genes expression and effectively change the metabolic flux to favor more of artemisinin production than artemisinic acid. Based on the results, the <jats:italic>Aa<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>ABCG6<\/jats:italic> transporter may be involved in trichome development. S4 had high transcript levels and larger glandular trichomes (3.46 fold) than <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>annua<\/jats:italic> found in Iran (S1), which may be due to the presence of more 2C-DNA (3.48 fold) in S4 than S1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31079-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T10:11:53Z","timestamp":1534500713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Expression of key genes affecting artemisinin content in five Artemisia species"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Salehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghasem","family":"Karimzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Naghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassanali","family":"Naghdi Badi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajad","family":"Rashidi Monfared","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"31079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-006-4390-8","volume":"38","author":"HA Arab","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arab, H. 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