{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:49:38Z","timestamp":1787003378099,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oriented smooth muscle layers in the intestine contract rhythmically due to the action of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that serve as pacemakers of the intestine. Disruption of ICC networks has been reported in various intestinal motility disorders, which limit the quality and expectancy of life. A significant challenge in intestinal smooth muscle engineering is the rapid loss of function in cultured ICC and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Here we demonstrate a novel approach to maintain the function of both ICC and SMC\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Primary intestinal SMC mixtures cultured on feeder cells seeded electrospun poly(3-caprolactone) scaffolds exhibited rhythmic contractions with directionality for over 10 weeks\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The simplicity of this system should allow for wide usage in research on intestinal motility disorders and tissue engineering, and may prove to be a versatile platform for generating other types of functional SMC\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31992-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T09:26:29Z","timestamp":1536053189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Bioengineering functional smooth muscle with spontaneous rhythmic contraction in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Masae","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan Ye","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C. Y.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"31992_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06077.x","volume":"24","author":"JE Bines","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bines, J. E. Intestinal failure: A new era in clinical management. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 24, S86\u2013S92 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"31992_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2010.06.004","volume":"8","author":"CL Donohoe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Donohoe, C. L. & Reynolds, J. V. Short bowel syndrome. Surgeon 8, 270\u20139 (2010).","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"31992_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07935","volume":"459","author":"T Sato","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sato, T. et al. Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt\u2013villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature 459, 262\u2013265 (2009).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"31992_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.03.062","volume":"156","author":"FG Sala","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sala, F. G., Kunisaki, S. M., Ochoa, E. R., Vacanti, J. & Grikscheit, T. C. Tissue-Engineered Small Intestine and Stomach Form from Autologous Tissue in a Preclinical Large Animal Model. J. Surg. Res. 156, 205\u2013212 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"31992_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0705-821","volume":"23","author":"RK Jain","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jain, R. K., Au, P., Tam, J., Duda, D. G. & Fukumura, D. Engineering vascularized tissue. Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 821\u2013823 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"31992_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1364","volume":"12","author":"N L\u2019Heureux","year":"2006","unstructured":"L\u2019Heureux, N. et al. Human tissue-engineered blood vessels for adult arterial revascularization. Nat. Med. 12, 361\u2013365 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"31992_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1684","volume":"14","author":"HC Ott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ott, H. C. et al. Perfusion-decellularized matrix: using nature\u2019s platform to engineer a bioartificial heart. Nat. Med. 14, 213\u2013221 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"31992_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2316","volume":"7","author":"GC Engelmayr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Engelmayr, G. C. et al. Accordion-like honeycombs for tissue engineering of cardiac anisotropy. Nat. Mater. 7, 1003\u20131010 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"31992_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.40","volume":"3","author":"M Radisic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Radisic, M., Marsano, A., Maidhof, R., Wang, Y. & Vunjak-Novakovic, G. Cardiac tissue engineering using perfusion bioreactor systems. Nat. Protoc. 3, 719\u201338 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"31992_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1117","volume":"23","author":"MA Laflamme","year":"2005","unstructured":"Laflamme, M. A. & Murry, C. E. Regenerating the heart. Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 845\u2013856 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"31992_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1038\/nm963","volume":"9","author":"FD Camargo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Camargo, F. D., Green, R., Capetenaki, Y., Jackson, K. A. & Goodell, M. A. Single hematopoietic stem cells generate skeletal muscle through myeloid intermediates. Nat. Med. 9, 1520\u20131527 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"31992_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114850","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114850","volume":"9","author":"CM Walthers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walthers, C. M., Lee, M., Wu, B. M. & Dunn, J. C. Y. Smooth muscle strips for intestinal tissue engineering. PLoS One 9, e114850 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"31992_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2007.0232","volume":"14","author":"M Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee, M., Wu, B. M., Stelzner, M., Reichardt, H. M. & Dunn, J. C. Y. Intestinal smooth muscle cell maintenance by basic fibroblast growth factor. Tissue Eng. Part A 14, 1395\u2013402 (2008).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"31992_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.168","volume":"9","author":"KM Sanders","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sanders, K. M., Koh, S. D., Ro, S. & Ward, S. M. Regulation of gastrointestinal motility\u2013insights from smooth muscle biology. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9, 633\u201345 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"31992_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8690216","volume":"111","author":"K Sanders","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sanders, K. A case for interstitial cells of Cajal as pacemakers and mediators of neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology 111, 492\u2013515 (1996).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"31992_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.040504.094718","volume":"68","author":"KM Sanders","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sanders, K. M., Koh, S. D. & Ward, S. M. Interstitial cells of cajal as pacemakers in the gastrointestinal tract. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 68, 307\u201343 (2006).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"31992_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7280","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.18.7280","volume":"86","author":"P Langton","year":"1989","unstructured":"Langton, P., Ward, S. M., Carl, A., Norell, M. A. & Sanders, K. M. Spontaneous electrical activity of interstitial cells of Cajal isolated from canine proximal colon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86, 7280\u20137284 (1989).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"31992_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4905","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.176206","volume":"587","author":"MH Zhu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhu, M. H. et al. A Ca(2+)-activated Cl(\u2212) conductance in interstitial cells of Cajal linked to slow wave currents and pacemaker activity. J. Physiol. 587, 4905\u201318 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"31992_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huizinga, J. D. et al. W\/kit gene required for interstitial cells of Cajal and for intestinal pacemaker activity. Nature 347\u2013349 (1995).","DOI":"10.1038\/373347a0"},{"key":"31992_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(199801)211:1<60::AID-AJA6>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"211","author":"M Kl\u00fcppel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kl\u00fcppel, M., Huizinga, J. D., Malysz, J. & Bernstein, A. Developmental origin and Kit-dependent development of the interstitial cells of cajal in the mammalian small intestine. Dev. Dyn. 211, 60\u201371 (1998).","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"31992_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(199811)213:3<271::AID-AJA4>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"213","author":"LW Liu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Liu, L. W., Thuneberg, L. & Huizinga, J. D. Development of pacemaker activity and interstitial cells of Cajal in the neonatal mouse small intestine. Dev. Dyn. 213, 271\u201382 (1998).","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"31992_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.116.2.369","volume":"116","author":"H Maeda","year":"1992","unstructured":"Maeda, H., Yamagata, A., Nishikawa, S. & Yoshinaga, K. Requirement of c-kit for development of intestinal pacemaker system. Development 116, 369\u2013375 (1992).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"31992_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(20000201)59:3<384::AID-JNR13>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"59","author":"JJ Wu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wu, J. J., Rothman, T. P. & Gershon, M. D. Development of the interstitial cell of Cajal: origin, kit dependence and neuronal and nonneuronal sources of kit ligand. J. Neurosci. Res. 59, 384\u2013401 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"31992_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70560-3","volume":"117","author":"S Torihashi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Torihashi, S. et al. Blockade of kit signaling induces transdifferentiation of interstitial cells of Cajal to a smooth muscle phenotype. Gastroenterology 117, 140\u2013148 (1999).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"31992_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0798-848","volume":"4","author":"L Thomson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thomson, L. et al. Interstitial cells of Cajal generate a rhythmic pacemaker current. Nat. Med. 4, 848\u2013851 (1998).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"31992_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.203by.x","volume":"513","author":"SD Koh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Koh, S. D., Sanders, K. M. & Ward, S. M. Spontaneous electrical rhythmicity in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal from the murine small intestine. J. Physiol. 513, 203\u2013213 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"31992_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000027865.61704.32","volume":"91","author":"KR Boheler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boheler, K. R. Differentiation of Pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells Into Cardiomyocytes. Circ. Res. 91, 189\u2013201 (2002).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"31992_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.12717\/DR.2015.19.3.119","volume":"19","author":"Y-G Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park, Y.-G. et al. Effects of Feeder Cell Types on Culture of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell In Vitro. Dev. Reprod. 19, 119\u201326 (2015).","journal-title":"Dev. Reprod."},{"key":"31992_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1089\/152045500454753","volume":"2","author":"JA Piedrahita","year":"2000","unstructured":"Piedrahita, J. A. Primordial Germ Cells In Vitro. Cloning 2, 197\u2013205 (2000).","journal-title":"Cloning"},{"key":"31992_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-011-9467-7","volume":"48","author":"NC Talbot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Talbot, N. C., Sparks, W. O., Powell, A. M., Kahl, S. & Caperna, T. J. Quantitative and semiquantitative immunoassay of growth factors and cytokines in the conditioned medium of STO and CF-1 mouse feeder cells. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 48, 1\u201311 (2012).","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"31992_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19991201)47:5<344::AID-JEMT6>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"47","author":"RIJ Rumessen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rumessen, R. I. J. Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Human Gut and Gastrointestinal Disease. Microsc. Res. Tech. 47, 344\u2013360 (1999).","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"31992_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G747","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00362.2001","volume":"282","author":"KM Sanders","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sanders, K. M., Ord\u00f6g, T. & Ward, S. M. Physiology and pathophysiology of the interstitial cells of Cajal: from bench to bedside. IV. Genetic and animal models of GI motility disorders caused by loss of interstitial cells of Cajal. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 282, G747\u201356 (2002).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"31992_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31812e65e0","volume":"45","author":"AJ Burns","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burns, A. J. Disorders of interstitial cells of Cajal. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 45(Suppl 2), S103\u20136 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"31992_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01109.x","volume":"20","author":"G Farrugia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farrugia, G. Interstitial cells of Cajal in health and disease. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 20, 54\u201363 (2008).","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"31992_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.241","volume":"11","author":"BT Drumm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Drumm, B. T., Koh, S. D., Andersson, K.-E. & Ward, S. M. Calcium signalling in Cajal-like interstitial cells of the lower urinary tract. Nat. Rev. Urol. 11, 555\u201364 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"31992_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2009.0630","volume":"16","author":"JA Beamish","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beamish, J. A., He, P., Kottke-Marchant, K. & Marchant, R. E. Molecular Regulation of Contractile Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype: Implications for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng. Part B Rev. 16, 467\u2013491 (2010).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"31992_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward, S. M. et al. Rapid Report Pacemaking in interstitial cells of Cajal depends upon calcium handling by endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. 355\u2013361 (2000).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00355.x"},{"key":"31992_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G351","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00281.2003","volume":"286","author":"T Ord\u00f6g","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ord\u00f6g, T., Redelman, D., Horowitz, N. N. & Sanders, K. M. Immunomagnetic enrichment of interstitial cells of Cajal. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 286, G351\u201360 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"31992_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G409","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.277.2.G409","volume":"277","author":"JCF Lee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee, J. C. F. et al. Generation of slow waves in membrane potential is an intrinsic property of interstitial cells of Cajal Generation of slow waves in membrane potential is an intrinsic property of interstitial cells of Cajal. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 277, G409\u201323 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"31992_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.05.023","volume":"61","author":"M Kobayashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kobayashi, M., Lei, N. Y., Wang, Q., Wu, B. M. & Dunn, J. C. Y. Orthogonally oriented scaffolds with aligned fibers for engineering intestinal smooth muscle. Biomaterials 61, 75\u201384 (2015).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"31992_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1370","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00074.2009","volume":"296","author":"PJ Gomez-Pinilla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gomez-Pinilla, P. J. et al. Ano1 is a selective marker of interstitial cells of Cajal in the human and mouse gastrointestinal tract. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 296, G1370\u201381 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"31992_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Visualization of the interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) network in mice. J. Vis. Exp. 3\u20137 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/2802 (2011).","DOI":"10.3791\/2802"},{"key":"31992_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.116624","volume":"576","author":"T Komuro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Komuro, T. Structure and organization of interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. J. Physiol. 576, 653\u20138 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"31992_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19191","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201728200","volume":"277","author":"S Torihashi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Torihashi, S., Fujimoto, T., Trost, C. & Nakayama, S. Calcium oscillation linked to pacemaking of interstitial cells of Cajal: requirement of calcium influx and localization of TRP4 in caveolae. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 19191\u20137 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"31992_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1344","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00392.2003","volume":"286","author":"T Ishikawa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ishikawa, T. et al. Characterization of in vitro gutlike organ formed from mouse embryonic stem cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 286, C1344\u201352 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"31992_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-012-2290-5","volume":"33","author":"J Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee, J. et al. Neurotensin modulates pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal from the mouse small intestine. Mol. Cells 33, 509\u201316 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"31992_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G903","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00528.2010","volume":"300","author":"DG Nair","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nair, D. G. et al. Proliferation modulates intestinal smooth muscle phenotype in vitro and in colitis in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 300, G903\u201313 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"31992_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.6087","volume":"9","author":"J Liang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liang, J. et al. The C-kit receptor-mediated signal transduction and tumor-related diseases. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 9, 435\u201343 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"31992_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.08.055","volume":"337","author":"R Roskoski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roskoski, R. Signaling by Kit protein-tyrosine kinase\u2013the stem cell factor receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 337, 1\u201313 (2005).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"31992_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.12.016","volume":"174","author":"CL Geisbauer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Geisbauer, C. L., Chapin, J. C., Wu, B. M. & Dunn, J. C. Y. Transplantation of Enteric Cells Expressing p75 in the Rodent Stomach. J. Surg. Res. 174, 257\u201365 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"31992_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.08.030","volume":"97","author":"S Zeng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zeng, S., Li, B., Zeng, S. & Chen, S. Simulation of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in astrocytes mediated by voltage-gated calcium channels. Biophys. J. 97, 2429\u201337 (2009).","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"31992_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G253","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00221.2003","volume":"286","author":"EE Daniel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Daniel, E. E., Boddy, G., Bong, A. & Cho, W. A new model of pacing in the mouse intestine. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 286, G253\u201362 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"31992_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khalil, H. A. et al. Mouse model of endoscopically ablated enteric nervous system. J. Surg. Res, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2015.07.034 (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.07.034"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-31992-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-31992-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-31992-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T04:12:13Z","timestamp":1671595933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-31992-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["31992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-31992-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"13544"}}