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In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) has been restricted to a jungle cycle for more than 70 years. However, YFV has recently invaded populated cities in the Southeast such as Rio de Janeiro where the opportunistic mosquito <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic> is well established. Using <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> passages of YFV in <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>albopictus<\/jats:italic>, we have selected viral strains presenting substitutions in NS1 gene. We did 10 passages of YFV-74018 on two distinct <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>albopictus<\/jats:italic> populations: (i) Manaus collected from a YFV-endemic area in Amazonia and (ii) PNMNI from a YFV-free area in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Full viral genomes were deep sequenced at each passage. We obtained two YFV strains presenting a non-synonymous substitution in the NS1 gene. Interestingly, they intervened at two different positions in NS1 gene according to the mosquito population: I2772T in <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>albopictus<\/jats:italic> Manaus and S3303N in <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>albopictus<\/jats:italic> PNMNI. Both substitutions reached fixation at the passage 10. Our data suggest that YFV has the potential for adaption to <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>albopictus<\/jats:italic> thereby posing a threat to most cities in South America where this mosquito is present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32198-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T10:39:44Z","timestamp":1537353584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Experimental Adaptation of the Yellow Fever Virus to the Mosquito Aedes albopictus and Potential risk of urban epidemics in Brazil, South America"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Fadila","family":"Amraoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0467-1357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien","family":"Pain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Piorkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Vazeille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinair","family":"Couto-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7895-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"de Lamballerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Louren\u00e7o-de-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6890-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Bella","family":"Failloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"32198_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170361","volume":"113","author":"C Possas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Possas, C., Martins, R. 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