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The endothelial breakdown and migration of leukocytes, including monocytes, to the spinal cord are involved in HAM\/TSP development. Monocytes from HTLV-1-infected individuals exhibit important functional differences when compared to cells from uninfected donors. Using proteomic shot gun strategy, performed by nanoACQUITY-UPLC system, we analyzed monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of asymptomatic carriers (AC), HAM\/TSP and uninfected individuals. 534 proteins were identified among which 376 were quantified by Expression<jats:sup>E<\/jats:sup>software. Our study revealed a panel of changes in protein expression linked to HTLV-1 infection. Upregulation of heat shock proteins and downregulation of canonical histone expression were observed in monocytes from HTLV-1-infected patients. Moreover, expression of cytoskeleton proteins was increased in monocytes from HTLV-1-infected patients, mainly in those from HAM\/TSP, which was confirmed by flow cytometry\u00a0and fluorescence microscopy. Importantly, functional assays demonstrated that monocytes from HAM\/TSP patients present higher ability for adhesion and transmigration thought endothelium than those from AC and uninfected individuals. The major changes on monocyte protein profile were detected in HAM\/TSP patients, suggesting that these alterations exert a relevant role in the establishment of HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32324-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T11:33:56Z","timestamp":1537356836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Protein Profile of Blood Monocytes is Altered in HTLV-1 Infected Patients: Implications for HAM\/TSP Disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Juliana","family":"Echevarria-Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8164-1472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"de Abreu Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais Silva","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4062-3785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ot\u00e1vio","family":"de Melo Esp\u00edndola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Celestino Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Sandim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Rodrigues Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"E. 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