{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:33:25Z","timestamp":1781760805082,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004848","name":"Universidad Veracruzana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UV-CA-354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UV-CA-354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004848","name":"Universidad Veracruzana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UV-CA-354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UV-CA-354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004848","name":"Universidad Veracruzana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UV-CA-354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UV-CA-354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom&amp;#x00ED;a y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ENE2016-74889-C4-2-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ENE2016-74889-C4-2-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lipid bilayers containing ergosterol show signs of destruction when they are treated with singlet oxygen, due to the conversion of ergosterol into its peroxy derivative. Applying this previous knowledge, an antifungal method was explored using <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic> as model, and membrane permeation under photosensitization conditions became evident. These data were complemented through AFM images of artificial lipid bilayers, using cholesterol or ergosterol as structural sterols, showing their corresponding morphologies at the nanoscale. Based on these results, an antifungal method was developed, which shows evidence of the extent of membrane permeation during photosensitization. Such photosensitization offers an effective alternative treatment, especially in membranes with a high ergosterol content, suggesting that this procedure constitutes an easy and efficient antifungal method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32823-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T20:59:31Z","timestamp":1537563571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring photosensitization as an efficient antifungal method"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9989-0503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam C. Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto Hern\u00e1ndez","family":"Creus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Trigos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 J.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"32823_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.097345","volume":"92","author":"YW Hsueh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsueh, Y. W. et al. Zuckermann, Martin, Thewalt J. Ergosterol in POPC Membranes: Physical Properties and Comparison with Structurally Similar Sterols. Biophysical Journal 92, 1606\u20131615 (2007).","journal-title":"Biophysical Journal"},{"key":"32823_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2008.08.022","volume":"1788","author":"T R\u00f3g","year":"2009","unstructured":"R\u00f3g, T., Pasenkiewicz-Gierula, M., Vattulainen, I. & Karttunen, M. Ordering effects of cholesterol and its analogues. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1788, 97\u2013121 (2009).","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"32823_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6852","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.5b00718","volume":"54","author":"V Monje-Galvan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Monje-Galvan, V. & Klauda, J. B. Modeling Yeast Organelle Membranes and How Lipid Diversity Influences Bilayer Properties. Biochemistry 54, 6852\u20136861 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"32823_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2016.08.010","volume":"1858","author":"MY Kellermann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kellermann, M. Y., Yoshinaga, M. Y., Valentine, R. C., W\u00f6rmer, L. & Valentine, D. L. Important roles for membrane lipids in haloarchaeal bioenergetics. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1858, 2940\u20132956 (2016).","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"32823_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515607112","volume":"112","author":"JP S\u00e1enza","year":"2015","unstructured":"S\u00e1enza, J. P. et al. Hopanoids as functional analogues of cholesterol in bacterial membranes. PNAS 112, 11971\u201311976 (2015).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"32823_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2016.04.003","volume":"110","author":"WC Hung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hung, W. C. et al. Comparative Study of the Condensing Effects of Ergosterol and Cholesterol. Biophysical Journal 110, 2026\u20132033 (2016).","journal-title":"Biophysical Journal"},{"key":"32823_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.6.17889","volume":"2","author":"T Denis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Denis, T. et al. All you need is light. Antimicrobial photoinactivation as an evolvingand emerging discovery strategy against infectious disease. Virulence 2, 509\u2013520 (2011).","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"32823_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2937440","volume":"35","author":"TC Zhua","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhua, T. C. & Finlay, J. C. The role of photodynamic therapy. Medical Physics 35, 3127\u20133136 (2008).","journal-title":"Medical Physics"},{"key":"32823_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2014.04.028","volume":"21","author":"A Postigo.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Postigo., A., Bulacio, L. M. & Sortino, M. Photodynamic inactivation of oropharyngeal Candida strains. Phytomedicine 21, 1424\u20131431 (2014).","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"32823_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1080\/15572536.2003.11833184","volume":"94","author":"A Trigos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Trigos, A. Ortega-Regules. Selective destruction of microscopic fungi through photo-oxidation of ergosterol. Mycologia 94, 563\u2013568 (2002).","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"32823_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2015.02.014","volume":"145","author":"I Lagunes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lagunes, I. & Trigos, A. Photo-oxidation of ergosterol: Indirect detection of antioxidants photosensitizers or quenchers of singlet oxygen. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 145, 30\u201334 (2015).","journal-title":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology"},{"key":"32823_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/poc.3449","volume":"28","author":"ME Medina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Medina, M. E., Galano, A. & Trigos, A. Theoretical study on the oxidative damage to cholesterol induced by peroxyl radicals. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 28, 504\u2013508 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Org. Chem."},{"key":"32823_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/poc.3520","volume":"29","author":"ME Medina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Medina, M. E., Luga, C. & Trigos, A. Mechanism and kinetics of the oxidative damage to ergosterol induced by peroxyl radicals in lipid media: a theoretical quantum chemistry study. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 29, 196\u2013203 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Org. Chem."},{"key":"32823_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9352","DOI":"10.1021\/la400067n","volume":"29","author":"LMC Lima","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lima, L. M. C. et al. Morphological and Nanomechanical Behavior of Supported Lipid Bilayers on Addition of Cationic Surfactants. Langmuir 29, 9352\u20139361 (2013).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"32823_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2007.04.008","volume":"107","author":"A Berquand","year":"2007","unstructured":"Berquand, A., L\u00e9vy, D., Gubellini, F., Le Grimellec, C. & Milhiet, P. E. Influence of calcium on direct incorporation of membrane proteins into in-plane lipid bilayer. Ultramicroscopy 107, 928\u201333 (2007).","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"32823_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girard-Egrot, A. P. & Blum, L. J. Langmuir-Blodgett Technique for Synthesis of Biomimetic Lipid Membranes In b: Nanobiotechnology of Biomimetic Membranes, pp. 23\u201374 (2007).","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-37740-9_2"},{"key":"32823_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1021\/la052687c","volume":"22","author":"RP Richter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Richter, R. P., B\u00e9rat, R. & Brisson, A. R. Formation of Solid-Supported Lipid Bilayers:\u2009 An Integrated View. Langmuir 22, 3497\u20133505 (2006).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"32823_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.149","volume":"3","author":"MP Mingeot-Leclercq","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mingeot-Leclercq, M. P., Deleu, M., Brasseur, R. & Dufr\u00eane, Y. F. Atomic force microscopy of supported lipid bilayers. Nat. Protoc. 3, 1654\u20131659 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"32823_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7498","DOI":"10.1021\/jp4004517","volume":"117","author":"J Hoyo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoyo, J., Guaus, E., Oncins, G., Torrent-Burgu\u00e9s, J. & Sanz, F. Incorporation of Ubiquinone in Supported Lipid Bilayers on ITO. J. Phys. Chem. B 117, 7498\u20137506 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"32823_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.1070","volume":"24","author":"B Seantier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seantier, B. et al. Transfer on hydrophobic substrates and AFM imaging of membrane proteins reconstituted in planar lipid bilayers. J Mol Recognit. 24, 461\u2013466 (2011).","journal-title":"J Mol Recognit."},{"key":"32823_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5447","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SM01252J","volume":"11","author":"B Gumi-Audenis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gumi-Audenis, B., Sanz, F. & Gianotti, M. I. Impact of galactosylceramides on the nanomechanical properties of lipid bilayer models: an AFM-force spectroscopy study. Soft Matter 11, 5447\u20135454 (2015).","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"32823_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks481","volume":"68","author":"C Jiang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jiang, C. et al. Mechanisms of azole resistance in 52 clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis in China. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 68, 778\u2013785 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"32823_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0331178","volume":"33","author":"M Veen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Veen, M. & Lang, C. Interactions of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway with other lipid pathways. Biochemical Society Transactions 33, 1178\u20131181 (2005).","journal-title":"Biochemical Society Transactions"},{"key":"32823_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.01.015","volume":"247","author":"S Shreaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shreaz, S., Shiekh, R. A., Raja, V., Wani, W. A. & Behbehani, J. M. Impaired ergosterol biosynthesis mediated fungicidal activity of Co (II) complex with ligand derived from cinnamaldehyde. Chemico-Biological Interactions 247, 64\u201374 (2016).","journal-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-32823-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-32823-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-32823-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T10:03:23Z","timestamp":1671617003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-32823-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["32823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-32823-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"14489"}}