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The thyrocyte-expressed T2Rs control thyroid hormone production, and this regulatory role may be associated with susceptibility to thyroid diseases. This study examined whether the variations in <jats:italic>TAS2Rs<\/jats:italic> modify the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and whether such T2R-related PTC risk is associated with genetically modified thyroid function. We conducted a case-control study with 763 Korean females, including 250 PTC cases. Seventy-three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 13 <jats:italic>TAS2R<\/jats:italic> genes and the pre-diagnosis levels of 4 thyroid-related functional markers [total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroglobulin] were analysed. Individuals with <jats:italic>TAS2R3\/4<\/jats:italic> CC haplotype (rs2270009 and rs2234001) were at a lower risk for PTC than those with the remaining haplotypes (odds ratio\u2009=\u20090.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.36\u20130.97). Furthermore, TT3 levels were significantly reduced for <jats:italic>TAS2R3\/4<\/jats:italic> CC haplotype carriers compared with other haplotype carriers (p\u2009=\u20090.005). No other genetic variants exhibited critical associations with the PTC phenotype and biomarkers. In summary, genetic variations in T2R3\/4 bitterness receptors may modify the PTC risk, and the genetically modified thyroid hormone level by those variations may be linked with the PTC-T2Rs association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33338-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T09:48:51Z","timestamp":1538560131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Genetic variations in TAS2R3 and TAS2R4 bitterness receptors modify papillary carcinoma risk and thyroid function in Korean females"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4730-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Hwa","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9072-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeonghee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yul","family":"Hwangbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0889-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongseon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"33338_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-873","volume":"14","author":"YA Cho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cho, Y. 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