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Potential risk factors of pneumococcal carriage were analysed and the carriage study was compared with registered invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) data. This study is a part of the ProbiComp study, which was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, including 290 children allocated to probiotics or placebo for 6 months and recruited during two autumn seasons (2014\/2015). Pneumococci were identified by optochin sensitivity, bile solubility, \u03b1-hemolysis and\/or capsular reaction. Serotyping was performed by latex agglutination kit and Quellung reaction. The carriage rate of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was 26.0% at baseline and 67.4% at the end of intervention. No significant difference was observed between the placebo group and the probiotics group (p\u2009=\u20090.508). Children aged 8\u201319 months were carriers of non-pneumococcal vaccine serotypes causing IPD in children aged 0\u20134 years. However, serotypes causing most IPD cases in Danish elderly were either not found or found with low prevalence suggesting that children are not the main reservoir of those serotypes and other age groups need to be considered as carriers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33583-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T10:34:20Z","timestamp":1539081260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Probiotics and carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Danish children, a double-blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sine","family":"Fjeldh\u00f8j","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikke Pilmann","family":"Laursen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anni","family":"Larnkj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"M\u00f8lgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Fuursted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7536-3453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Angeliki","family":"Krogfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans-Christian","family":"Slotved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"33583_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu524","volume":"59","author":"ZB Harboe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harboe, Z. 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Christian M\u00f8lgaard has received financial support from Chr. Hansen A\/S.\u00a0All other authors had no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"15258"}}