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To our knowledge, no study examined volumetric neuroimaging correlates of aggression in early stages of psychosis. An agitated-aggressive syndrome is present in at-risk mental state (ARMS) and in first-episode psychosis (FEP) \u2013 it is unclear whether this syndrome is associated with structural brain abnormalities in early stages of psychosis. Using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and a whole brain voxel-based morphometry approach, we examined 56 ARMS patients, 55 FEP patients and 25 healthy controls. We operationalized aggression using the Excited Component of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-EC) and dichotomized our patient group by median split into \u201cBPRS-EC high\u201d (n\u2009=\u200949) and \u201cBPRS-EC low\u201d groups (n\u2009=\u200962). The \u201cBPRS-EC high\u201d group had significantly smaller left lingual gyrus volume than HC. This finding was not present in the \u201cBPRS-EC low\u201d group. In addition, grey matter volume in the left lingual gyrus showed a negative linear correlation with BPRS-EC over all subjects (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.318; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001) and in the patient group (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.202; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033). These findings provide first hints on structural brain abnormalities associated with an agitated-aggressive syndrome in ARMS and FEP patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33770-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]],"date-time":"2018-11-02T10:48:51Z","timestamp":1541155731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Voxel-Based Morphometry Correlates of an Agitated-Aggressive Syndrome in the At-Risk Mental State for Psychosis and First Episode Psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2246-9008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian G.","family":"Huber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Widmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Smieskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Egloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6361-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Riecher-R\u00f6ssler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf-Dieter","family":"Stieglitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5792-3987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Borgwardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"33770_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.11.026","volume":"125","author":"MM Large","year":"2011","unstructured":"Large, M. 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