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This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis among febrile patients attending a community hospital in South western Uganda. A questionnaire that captured socio-demographic, occupational and clinical data was administered. Blood samples were tested for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> antibodies using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and blood culture with standard aerobic BACTEC bottle was done. Of 235 patients enrolled, prevalence of brucellosis (RBPT or culture confirmed) was 14.9% (95% CI 10.6\u201320.1) with a culture confrmation in 4.3% of the participants. The factors independently associated with brucellosis were consumption of raw milk (aOR 406.15, 95% CI 47.67\u20133461.69); history of brucellosis in the family (aOR 9.19, 95% CI 1.98\u201342.54); and selling hides and skins (aOR 162.56, 95% CI 2.86\u20139256.31). Hepatomegaly (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), splenomegaly (p\u2009=\u20090.018) and low body mass index (p\u2009=\u20090.032) were more common in patients with brucellosis compared to others. Our findings reveal a high prevalence of brucellosis among febrile patients and highlight a need for implementing appropiate tests, public awareness activities and vaccination of animals to control and eliminate the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33915-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T15:57:17Z","timestamp":1539359837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis among febrile patients attending a community hospital in south western Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Migisha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Dan Nyehangane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yap","family":"Boum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaia","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Ripa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Conde-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Bagenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryline","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"33915_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6","volume":"6","author":"G Pappas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pappas, G., Papadimitriou, P., Akritidis, N., Christou, L. & Tsianos, E. 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