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Here, we attempted to evaluate oxidative stress and supraspinal neuro-inflammation in rat brain after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). We divided our experimental animals into three SNI groups based on time. The expression of a microglial (Iba1) marker and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was lower in DPSCs and higher in DF-DPSCs. In contrast, the expression of an astroglial (GFAP) marker was higher in DPSCs and lower in DF-DPSCs at 2 weeks. However, the expression of ROS, Iba1 and GFAP gradually decreased at 8 and 12 weeks in the SNI DPSCs and DF-DPSCs groups compared to the SNI control. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4 and TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>) expression was lower at 2 weeks, while it gradually increased at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery in the SNI DPSCs and DF-DPSCs groups. Similarly, SNI DPSCs had a high expression of pAMPK, SIRT1 and NFkB at the onset of SNI. However, 12 weeks after surgery, pAMPK and SIRT1 expression levels were higher and NFkB was down-regulated in both DPSCs and DF-DPSCs compared to the control group. Finally, we concluded that DPSCs responded early and more efficiently than DF-DPSCs to counterbalance peripheral nerve injury (PNI)-induced oxidative stress and supraspinal neuro-inflammation in rat brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34151-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T11:35:39Z","timestamp":1539948939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Dental pulp-derived stem cells can counterbalance peripheral nerve injury-induced oxidative stress and supraspinal neuro-inflammation in rat brain"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Imran","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-ho","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehtab","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Bharti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharath Belame","family":"Shivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeon-Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Bum","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurianna","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Lim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bong-Wook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-A","family":"Ock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyu-Jin","family":"Rho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"34151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2011.0722","volume":"21","author":"M Strioga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strioga, M., Viswanathan, S., Darinskas, A., Slaby, O. & Michalek, J. 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